Role of SARS-COV-2 and ACE2 in the pathophysiology of peripheral vascular diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 166, P. 115321 - 115321

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

The occurrence of a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), created serious challenge worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 has high infectivity, the ability to be transmitted even during asymptomatic phase, and relatively low virulence, which resulted in rapid transmission. can invade epithelial cells, hence, many patients infected with have suffered from vascular diseases (VDs) addition pulmonary manifestations. Accordingly, may worsen clinical condition pre-existing VDs. Endothelial cells express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is biological that converts angiotensin (Ang)- Ang-(1-7). uses cell receptor for viral entry. Thus, virus promotes downregulation ACE2, Ang-(1-7), anti-inflammatory cytokines, well as, an increase Ang-2, resulting pro-inflammatory cytokines. infection cause hypertension, endothelial damage, lead intravascular thrombosis. In this review, we concentrated on effect peripheral (PVDs) Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). A comprehensive search was performed PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, using related keywords. Articles focusing ("SARS-CoV-2", OR "COVID-19"), AND ("Vascular disease", "Peripheral interested disease name) regard MeSH terms, were selected. According studies, it supposed susceptibility due increased thrombotic burden dysfunction. Understanding mechanism pathogenesis crucial effective management treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

---

The association of airborne particulate matter and benzo[a]pyrene with the clinical course of COVID-19 in patients hospitalized in Poland

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 306, P. 119469 - 119469

Published: May 14, 2022

Air pollution can adversely affect the immune response and increase severity of viral disease. The present study aimed to explore relationship between symptomatology, clinical course, inflammation markers adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized in Poland (n = 4432) air levels, i.e., mean 24 h max level benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) <2.5 (PM2.5) during a week before their hospitalization. Exposures PM2.5 B(a)P exceeding limits were associated higher odds early respiratory symptoms COVID-19 hyperinflammatory state: interleukin-6 > 100 pg/mL, procalcitonin >0.25 ng/mL, white blood cells count >11 × 103/mL. Except for PM10 level, exceedance other parameters was increased oxygen saturation <90%. Exposure elevated levels therapy death. This evidences that worse quality is related outcome patients. Mitigating shall be an integral part measures undertaken decrease burden pandemic illness.

Language: Английский

---

Targeting Arginine in COVID-19-Induced Immunopathology and Vasculopathy

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 240 - 240

Published: March 11, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a major public health crisis that has caused the death of nearly six million people worldwide. Emerging data have identified deficiency circulating arginine in patients with COVID-19. Arginine is semi-essential amino acid serves as key regulator immune and vascular cell function. metabolized by nitric oxide (NO) synthase to NO which plays pivotal role host defense health, whereas catabolism arginase ornithine contributes suppression disease. Notably, activity upregulated COVID-19 disease-dependent fashion, favoring production its metabolites from over synthesis NO. This rewiring metabolism promotes endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle proliferation migration, inflammation, vasoconstriction, thrombosis, arterial thickening, fibrosis, stiffening, can lead occlusion, muti-organ failure, death. Strategies restore plasma concentration arginine, inhibit activity, and/or enhance bioavailability potency represent promising therapeutic approaches may preserve function prevent development severe

Language: Английский

---

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the nervous system

Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(1), P. 26 - 35

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Glutamine Deficiency Promotes Immune and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 7593 - 7593

Published: April 20, 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the death of almost 7 million people worldwide. While vaccinations and new antiviral drugs have greatly reduced number COVID-19 cases, there remains a need for additional therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly disease. Accumulating clinical data discovered deficiency circulating glutamine in patients with that associates severity. Glutamine is semi-essential amino acid metabolized plethora metabolites serve as central modulators immune endothelial cell function. A majority glutamate ammonia by mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase (GLS). Notably, GLS activity upregulated COVID-19, favoring catabolism glutamine. This disturbance metabolism may provoke dysfunction contributes development severe infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, vasospasm, coagulopathy, which leads vascular occlusion, multi-organ failure, death. Strategies restore plasma concentration glutamine, its metabolites, and/or downstream effectors, conjunction drugs, represent promising approach function prevent occlusive stricken COVID-19.

Language: Английский

---

A distinct septal pattern of late gadolinium enhancement specific for COVID-induced myocarditis: A multicenter cardiovascular magnetic resonance study

Kardiologia Polska, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 81(5), P. 463 - 471

Published: May 29, 2023

COVID-19 is a great medical challenge as it provokes acute respiratory distress and has pulmonary manifestations cardiovascular (CV) consequences.This study compared cardiac injury in myocarditis patients with non-COVID-19 patients.Patients who recovered from were scheduled for magnetic resonance (CMR) owing to clinical suspicion. The retrospective (2018-2019) group was enrolled (n = 221 patients). All underwent contrast-enhanced CMR, the conventional protocol, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). COVID included 552 at mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 45.9 (12.6) years.CMR assessment confirmed myocarditis-like LGE 46% cases (68.5% segments <25% transmural extent), left ventricular (LV) dilatation 10%, systolic dysfunction 16% cases. showed smaller median (interquartile range [IQR]) LV (4.4% [2.9%-8.1%] vs. 5.9% [4.4%-11.8%]; P <0.001), lower end-diastolic volume (144.6 [125.5-178] ml 162.8 [136.6-194] ml; limited functional consequence (left ejection fraction, 59% [54.1%-65%] 58% [52%-63%]; 0.01), higher rate pericarditis (13.6% 6%; 0.03) myocarditis. COVID-19-induced more frequent septal (2, 3, 14), affinity lateral wall (P <0.01). Neither obesity nor associated or remodeling subjects myocarditis.COVID-19-induced minor significantly pattern than

Language: Английский

---

Short‐term exposure to ambient air pollution and COVID‐19 severity during SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta and Omicron waves: A multicenter study

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(7)

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract Air pollution may affect the clinical course of respiratory diseases, including COVID‐19. This study aimed to evaluate relationship between exposure adult patients mean 24 h levels particulate matter sized <10 μm (PM 10 ) and <2.5 2.5 benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) during a week before their hospitalization due SARS‐CoV‐2 infection symptomatology, hyperinflammation, coagulopathy, disease, outcome. The analyses were conducted two pandemic waves: (i) dominated by highly pathogenic Delta variant ( n = 1440) (ii) clinically less‐severe Omicron 785), while analyzed associations adjusted for patient's age, BMI, gender, comorbidities. B(a)P exceeding limits was associated with increased odds fever fatigue as early COVID‐19 symptoms, hyperinflammation serum C‐reactive protein >200 mg/L interleukin‐6 >100 pg/mL, coagulopathy d ‐dimer >2 fatal Elevated PM 2. 5 higher procalcitonin >0.25 ng/mL interleukin lower oxygen saturation, need support, death. significant relationships air pollutants outcomes observed both waves. Short‐term elevated can be worse in requiring and, ultimately, contribute health burden caused variants significance.

Language: Английский

---

Tocilizumab Use among Patients Who Developed Pulmonary Embolism in the Course of Cytokine Release Storm and COVID-19 Pneumonia—A Retrospective Study

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1581 - 1581

Published: July 2, 2022

Introduction: Thromboembolic events, including mainly pulmonary embolisms and ischemic strokes, occur in up to one-third of COVID-19 patients. As efficacy tocilizumab (TCZ) among patients with acute embolism (PE) was not previously investigated, this study aimed provide such data. Objectives: The aim the investigate effect TCZ on mortality confirmed embolism, cytokine release storm pneumonia. Patients methods: Longitudinal data 4287 SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected between 4 March 2020 16 January 2022. In study, we retrospectively analyzed samples dataset cases associated at least moderate lung involvement due Results: dataset, 64 adult diagnosed PE, these, 28 (44%) treated two 8 mg/kg doses TCZ, 36 (56%) did receive agent. groups balanced regarding demographics, comorbidities biochemical markers. Overall our 29.6% (n = 17). Mortality group 43% 12) compared 19% 7) without TCZ. multivariate proportional Cox hazards models, intravenous administration independently higher (HR: 3.342 (CI: 1.077–10.370), p 0.036). Conclusions: pneumonia involvement, CRS is increased mortality. Therefore, should be used caution embolism.

Language: Английский

---

Intracoronary and left ventricular thrombi in a 29-year-old COVID-19 convalescent with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Kardiologia Polska, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 81(5), P. 535 - 536

Published: May 29, 2023

Language: Английский

---

The role of pneumococcal vaccination in reducing cardiovascular risk in cardiac patients: Expert opinion of the Prevention Committee of the Polish Cardiac Society supported by the Polish Vaccinology Society

Kardiologia Polska, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 81(10), P. 1038 - 1046

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Respiratory diseases have been the fourth most common cause of death in Poland recent years. infection, especially pneumonia, can lead to exacerbation chronic cardiovascular disease. Streptococcus pneumoniae is bacterial pathogen causing community-acquired pneumonia. Pneumococci are also complicating course influenza virus infection. Pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal disease, associated with risk respiratory failure or sepsis and worsening prognosis existing Despite those facts recommendations for vaccination still not well established guidelines. The aim this document summarize current knowledge on importance preventing disease context cardiac patients.

Language: Английский

---