Exploring the substitution of cannabis for alcohol and other drugs among a large convenience sample of people who use cannabis DOI Creative Commons
Chris Wilkins, José S. Romeo, Marta Rychert

et al.

Harm Reduction Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Nov. 5, 2024

The substitution of cannabis for alcohol and other drugs has been conceptualised in a harm reduction framework as where is used to reduce the negative side-effects, addiction potential, social stigma drugs. There currently mixed evidence with recent reviews suggesting co-use patterns may vary by age ethnicity. Yet few studies have had large enough samples examine this demographic variation detail. To explore within subgroups sample people who use cannabis. Specifically: (1) whether being substituted drugs, (2), leads more, less or same level drug use. Online convenience survey promoted via Facebook™ completed 23,500 New Zealand respondents. Those any eight substances six-month period were asked if their impact on each substance ("a lot more", "little "no impact/same", less", "a less"). Frequency quantity was compared group. Generalised logistic regression models developed predict categories. Significant proportions reported led "less" (60%), synthetic cannabinoid morphine (44%) methamphetamine (40%) using lower frequency amount Approximately seven-out-ten impact" LSD, MDMA, cocaine One-in-five "more" tobacco Young adults (21–35-years) more likely report drinking Adolescent co-users (16–20 years) impacts. Māori resulted alcohol, tobacco, methamphetamine, LSD Students those living cities lowering substances. Cannabis are moderated life stages, lifestyles, cultural perspectives, urbanicity. Harm initiatives policy reforms should take account these moderating factors.

Language: Английский

Association of Local Cannabis Policy and Retail Availability With Cannabis Use and Problematic Cannabis Use Among Adolescents in Northern California DOI
Kelly C. Young‐Wolff,

Alex Asera,

Alisa A. Padon

et al.

American Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 114(S8), P. S654 - S663

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Objectives. To examine whether local cannabis policies and retail availability are associated with use problematic (PCU) among adolescents in Northern California. Methods. The sample comprised aged 13 to 17 years screened for past-year during well-child visits 2021. Exposures included bans on storefront retailers, policy protectiveness, proximity density. Outcomes self-reported PCU diagnoses. Modified Poisson regression models adjusted sociodemographics. Results. (n = 103 134) was 51.1% male a median age of 15 (interquartile range [IQR] 14–16 years); 5.5% use, 0.3% had diagnosed PCU. Adolescents lower prevalence jurisdictions that banned retailers (adjusted rate [APR] 0.857; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.814, 0.903 vs allowed), delivery (APR 0.751; CI 0.710, 0.795 or more protections 0.705–0.800). Lower also found those (vs allowed) 0.786; 0.629, 0.983) 0.783; 0.616, 0.996). Longer drive time density were prevalence. Conclusions. More protective less adolescent ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S654–S663. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307787 )

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Co-use of cannabis and alcohol before and after Canada legalized nonmedical cannabis: A repeat cross-sectional study DOI
Erin Hobin, Ashini Weerasinghe, Sadie Boniface

et al.

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(5), P. 462 - 471

Published: April 11, 2023

Background: This study examined changes in population-level co-use of cannabis and alcohol before 12 months after nonmedical legalization Canada, relative to the United States that had previously legalized not (US legal illegal states, respectively). Methods: Data are from waves 1 2 International Cannabis Policy Study, collected 2018 (before) 2019 (12 Canada). Respondents aged 16–65 years Canada ( n = 25,313) US 25,189) 19,626) states completed an online survey. Changes between compared those were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Descriptive analyses show increases use monthly or more frequent (MMF) all jurisdictions. Compared no MMF alcohol, there was evidence suggesting differences Canada. However, respondents 33% higher odds alcohol-only (OR 1.33, 99% CI: 1.12, 1.57) Conclusions: Increases observed jurisdictions regardless status cannabis. These shifts largely due across population, including may indicate changing societal norms toward generally. As transition matures, evaluation over longer term will improve understanding influence liberalization on co-use.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Recreational Marijuana Legalization, Local Retail Availability, and Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Co-Use Among California High School Students DOI
Sharon E. O’Hara, Mallie J. Paschall, Joel W. Grube

et al.

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 84(5), P. 734 - 743

Published: May 18, 2023

This study examined whether recreational marijuana legalization (RML) and local retail availability were associated with alcohol use co-use among adolescents.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Cannabis legalization and driving under the influence of cannabis and driving under the influence of alcohol among adult and adolescent drivers in Ontario, Canada (2001–2019) DOI
Sameer Imtiaz, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Farihah Ali

et al.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 111060 - 111060

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Is there a relationship between abuse of alcohol and illicit drugs seen in hair results? DOI
Fritz Pragst, André Niebel,

Denise Thurmann

et al.

Drug Testing and Analysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2024

Combined use of alcohol and illicit drugs is a serious health social problem. In this study, it was examined, whether relationship between drug abuse can be ascertained by comparison marker concentrations in hair. the frame support system for families with parental drugs, hair samples were analyzed 2011 2022 methadone, heroin (6-acetylmorphine), cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy (MDMA), cannabinoids (THC), markers ethyl glucuronide (EtG) palmitate (EtPa). For 1314 from adolescent adult family members, results show prevalence combined occasional or regular abusive 41%-60% except (35%). The statistically compared three categories abstinence moderate drinking, abuse. most frequently detected cocaine (n = 703), significant increase rising consumption found. frequent detection cocaethylene proved preferred simultaneous intake both substances. THC 489), no difference consumer groups seen. Concerning less methadone 89), 6-acetylmorphine 92), amphetamine 123), MDMA 105), clear trend determined. It concluded that evaluation an appropriate way to study extent drug-alcohol complements other studies based on acquisition data interview questionnaire.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Emotion Recognition and Self-Reported Emotion Processing in Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Using Young Adults DOI Creative Commons
Anita Cservenka,

Lacey C. Donahue

Behavioral Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 407 - 407

Published: May 14, 2024

Alcohol and cannabis use are each associated with impairments in emotion recognition accuracy, which may promote interpersonal problems. It is unclear if or self-reported processing differs between young adult alcohol co-users (ACCs) healthy controls (HCs). This study examined whether ACCs HCs differed their across two different behavioral tasks static dynamic faces determined there were differences socio-emotional alexithymia. 22 (mean age = 21.27 ± 1.75) 25 21.48 2.68), matched on age, sex, IQ, completed the Metrisquare Emotion Recognition Task CANTAB Task. The compared task accuracy measures, including Social Emotional Questionnaire (SEQ) Perth Alexithymia (PAQ). No significant main effects of Group variable Emotion-Group interaction present for either task. had lower SEQ (

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Changes in co‐use of alcohol and cannabis among Nordic adolescents in the 21st century: Results from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs study DOI Creative Commons
Kirsimarja Raitasalo, Ingeborg Rossow, Inger Synnøve Moan

et al.

Drug and Alcohol Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 616 - 624

Published: April 24, 2023

Abstract Introduction In the 21st century, there has been a decline in alcohol use among adolescents most Nordic countries, while trends of cannabis have diverged. We explore how and use, respectively, co‐use two substances, changed adolescents. Three hypotheses are used to frame study: (i) substituted use; (ii) parallel both substances; and/or (iii) ‘hardening’ users, implying that users increasingly cannabis. Methods Data from European School Survey Project on Alcohol Other Drugs, conducted 15‐ 16‐year‐olds Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway Sweden ( N = 74,700, 49% boys), were past‐year period 2003–2019. Results The proportion reporting decreased significantly all countries except Denmark. those using only was low (0.0%–0.7%) stable countries. total number substance occasions declined but Among became prevalent Discussion Conclusions found no support for ‘parallel hypothesis' Partially line with ‘substitution hypothesis’, accounted an increasing occasions. Our results suggests become more common, thus also providing hypothesis.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Recreational cannabis legislation and binge drinking in U.S. adolescents and adults DOI Creative Commons
Priscila Dib Gonçalves, Emilie Bruzelius, Natalie S. Levy

et al.

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 118, P. 104085 - 104085

Published: June 16, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Driving under the influence of cannabis and alcohol: Evidence from a national sample of young drivers DOI Creative Commons
Christopher P. Salas‐Wright, Audrey Hang Hai, Michael G. Vaughn

et al.

Addictive Behaviors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 107816 - 107816

Published: July 27, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Alcohol and Cannabinoids - From the Editors DOI Open Access
Jane Metrik

Alcohol research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Alcohol is frequently used in association with cannabis, co-use now perceived as normative expanding cannabis legalization.Cannabinoid products are increasingly for a number of medical and recreational purposes, including to enhance alcohol-reinforcing properties or some cases substitute alcohol.Rates alcohol use disorder (AUD) higher among users relative nonusers, approximately 60% individuals current also meeting criteria AUD. 1,2Co-use linked heavy problematic consumption, which turn increases risk alcoholrelated diseases such alcohol-associated liver disease.Co-use negative consequences, behavioral risks, 3 driving safety, psychiatric comorbidity, adverse health effects, poor treatment outcomes. 4However, the impact cannabinoids on alcohol-related morbidity not well understood, findings behaviors equivocal.Cannabis serves both complement drinking (i.e., increasing use), leading more harmful effects decreasing minimizing related risks). 5Beyond simultaneous same-session) temporally independent (e.g., same-week) patterns, substantial variability cannabinoid composition tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]-to-cannabidiol ratio), formulations smoked, edibles), quantity could influence direction effect outcomes.Further, individual differences associated age neurodevelopment; substance disorders; 6 motives alcohol, use; 7 statelevel regulatory policies 8 contribute mixed risks benefits relation behaviors.This research review series approaches cannabinoid-alcohol through lens complex interactions between biological, psychological, environmental factors.Basic science reviewed this topic highlights role endogenous endocannabinoid (eCB) system behaviors.The eCB system, regulates reinforcement, involved modulating motivation consume excessive AUD, 9-11 diseases.Emerging preclinical literature implicates exogenous receptor agonists THC) increased chronic exposure implicated disruptions signaling. 12,13THC primary psychoactive constituent that interacts producing intoxicating, rewarding, reinforcing dose-dependent function.Although THC most commonly studied defines potency, there than 100 other phytocannabinoids 500 constituents plant may exert different outcomes.For example, cannabidiol (CBD) nonpsychoactive, plant-based has been medicinal value

Language: Английский

Citations

4