Phosphate Nutrition: Improving Low-Phosphate Tolerance in Crops

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 95 - 123

Published: March 1, 2014

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient that required for all major developmental processes and reproduction in plants. It also a constituent of the fertilizers to sustain high-yield agriculture. Levels phosphate—the only form phosphorus can be assimilated by plants—are suboptimal most natural agricultural ecosystems, when phosphate applied as fertilizer soils, it rapidly immobilized owing fixation microbial activity. Thus, cultivated plants use approximately 20–30% phosphate, rest lost, eventually causing water eutrophication. Recent advances understanding mechanisms which wild species adapt low-phosphate stress implementation alternative bacterial pathways metabolism have started allow design more effective breeding genetic engineering strategies produce highly phosphate-efficient crops, optimize use, reach sustainability with lower environmental cost. In this review, we outline current research on complex network plant responses low-phosphorus discuss some used manipulate genes involved uptake, remobilization, develop low-phosphate-tolerant could help designing efficient crops.

Language: Английский

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Plant diversity and overyielding: insights from belowground facilitation of intercropping in agriculture

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 203(1), P. 63 - 69

Published: March 24, 2014

Summary Despite increasing evidence that plant diversity in experimental systems may enhance ecosystem productivity, the mechanisms causing this overyielding remain debated. Here, we review studies of observed agricultural intercropping systems, and show a potentially important mechanism underlying such facilitation is ability some crop species to chemically mobilize otherwise‐unavailable forms one or more limiting soil nutrients as phosphorus ( P ) micronutrients (iron F e), zinc Z n) manganese M n)). Phosphorus‐mobilizing improve nutrition for themselves neighboring non‐ ‐mobilizing by releasing acid phosphatases, protons and/or carboxylates into rhizosphere which increases concentration soluble inorganic soil. Similarly, on calcareous soils with very low availability e n, e‐ n‐mobilizing species, graminaceous monocotyledonous cluster‐rooted benefit themselves, also reduce n deficiency chelating substances. Based review, hypothesize mobilization‐based facilitative interactions be an unsuspected, but enhancing productivity both natural ecosystems biodiversity experiments. We discuss cases nutrient mobilization might occurring ecosystems, suggest hypothesis merits formal testing ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Tradeoffs among root morphology, exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses for phosphorus‐acquisition strategies of 16 crop species

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 223(2), P. 882 - 895

Published: April 1, 2019

Summary Plant roots exhibit diverse root functional traits to enable soil phosphorus (P) acquisition, including changes in morphology, exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses. Yet, whether these are differently coordinated among crop species enhance P acquisition is unclear. Here, eight for were characterized 16 major herbaceous grown a glasshouse under limiting adequate availability. We found substantial interspecific variation species. Those with thinner showed more branching less first‐order length, had consistently lower colonization by arbuscular fungi (AMF), fewer rhizosheath carboxylates reduced acid phosphatase activity. In response P, stronger branching, length specific of the whole system, Conversely, thicker exhibited higher AMF and/or P‐mobilizing exudates rhizosheath. conclude that, at level, tradeoffs occur three groups we examined. Root diameter good predictor relative expression how they change when limiting.

Language: Английский

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Leaf manganese accumulation and phosphorus-acquisition efficiency

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 83 - 90

Published: Nov. 18, 2014

Language: Английский

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Hidden miners – the roles of cover crops and soil microorganisms in phosphorus cycling through agroecosystems

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 434(1-2), P. 7 - 45

Published: Oct. 27, 2018

Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient in many agroecosystems and costly fertilizer inputs can cause negative environmental impacts. Cover crops constitute promising management option for sustainable intensification of agriculture. However, their interactions with the soil microbial community, which key driver P cycling, effects on following crop, have not yet been systematically assessed. We conducted meta-analysis published field studies cover focusing plant-microbe interactions. describe several distinct, simultaneous mechanisms benefits main crop. Decomposition dynamics, governed by concentration, are critical transfer from crop residues to may enhance community providing legacy increased mycorrhizal abundance, biomass P, phosphatase activity. generally most effective systems low available access 'unavailable' pools. availability difficult detect standard tests, except increases after use Lupinus sp. Agricultural (i.e. species selection, tillage, fertilization) improve effects. In summary, cropping has potential tighten cycling agricultural under different conditions, increasing nutrition yield.

Language: Английский

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The Overlooked Role of Facilitation in Biodiversity Experiments

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 32(5), P. 383 - 390

Published: March 8, 2017

Language: Английский

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The physiology of invasive plants in low-resource environments

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. cot026 - cot026

Published: Nov. 5, 2013

While invasive plant species primarily occur in disturbed, high-resource environments, many have invaded ecosystems characterized by low nutrient, water, and light availability. Species adapted to low-resource systems often display traits associated with resource conservation, such as slow growth, high tissue longevity, resource-use efficiency. This contrasts our general understanding of physiology derived from studies environments. These suggest that succeed through acquisition. review examines physiological morphological native Existing data support the idea invading environments possess acquisition, conservation or both. Disturbance climate change are affecting availability ecosystems, differences between may ways restore ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Phylogenomics Uncovers the Impact of Symbiotic Associations on Host Genome Evolution

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. e1004487 - e1004487

Published: July 17, 2014

Mutualistic symbioses between eukaryotes and beneficial microorganisms of their microbiome play an essential role in nutrition, protection against disease, development the host. However, impact symbionts on evolution host genomes remains poorly characterized. Here we used independent loss most widespread plant–microbe symbiosis, arbuscular mycorrhization (AM), as a model to address this question. Using large phenotypic approach phylogenetic analyses, present evidence that AM symbiosis correlates with many symbiotic genes Arabidopsis lineage (Brassicales). Then, by analyzing genome and/or transcriptomes nine other phylogenetically divergent non-host plants, show correlation occurred convergent manner four additional plant lineages, demonstrating existence evolutionary pattern specific genes. Finally, use global comparative phylogenomic track among land plants. Based approach, identify set 174 highly conserved demonstrate enrichment symbiosis-related Our findings are consistent hypothesis maintain purifying selection gene networks during entire lineages.

Language: Английский

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Improving phosphorus use efficiency in agriculture: opportunities for breeding

Euphytica, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 207(1), P. 1 - 22

Published: Oct. 16, 2015

Abstract Phosphorus (P) is often an important limiting factor for crop yields, but rock phosphate as fertilizer a non-renewable resource and expected to become scarce in the future. High P input levels agriculture have led environmental problems. One of ways tackle these issues simultaneously improving phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) crops through breeding. In this review, we describe plant architectural physiological traits PUE. Subsequently, discuss efficient methods screening PUE traits. We address targeted cultivation methods, including solid hydroponic systems, well testing such image analysis biomass photosynthesis measurements. Genetic variation has been assessed many crops, genetics studied by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses genome-wide association study. A number genes involved plant’s response low characterized. These include transcription factors, signal transduction, hormonal pathways, sugar signalling, saving metabolic scavenging, transporters metabolites and/or ATP-ases mobilizing soil. addition, role microorganisms promoting plants, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi discussed. An overview given selecting optimal combinations fungal genotypes, their genetics, incl. QTLs involved. conclusion, significant progress made PUE, developing systems difficult highly relevant root phenotyping, identifying

Language: Английский

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How belowground interactions contribute to the coexistence of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal species in severely phosphorus-impoverished hyperdiverse ecosystems

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 424(1-2), P. 11 - 33

Published: Sept. 30, 2017

Language: Английский

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