A tale of worldwide success: Behind the scenes of Carex (Cyperaceae) biogeography and diversification

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 57(6), P. 695 - 718

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

Abstract The megadiverse genus Carex (c. 2000 species, Cyperaceae) has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution, displaying an inverted latitudinal richness gradient with higher species diversity in cold‐temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Despite great expansion our knowledge phylogenetic history and many molecular studies focusing on biogeography particular groups during last few decades, global analysis diversification is still lacking. For this purpose, we built hitherto most comprehensive Carex‐ dated phylogeny based three markers (ETS–ITS– matK ), using previous phylogenomic Hyb‐Seq framework, sampling two‐thirds its all recognized sections. Ancestral area reconstruction, biogeographic stochastic mapping, rate analyses were conducted to elucidate macroevolutionary patterns. Our results reveal that originated late Eocene E Asia, where it probably remained until synchronous main subgeneric lineages Oligocene. Asia supported as cradle diversification, well “museum” extant diversity. Subsequent “out‐of‐Asia” colonization patterns feature multiple asymmetric dispersals clustered toward present times among Hemisphere regions, major regions acting both source sink (especially North America), several independent events Southern We detected 13 notable shifts 10 My, including remarkable radiations America New Zealand, which occurred concurrently Neogene cooling, suggests involved new into novel niche space.

Language: Английский

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Anatomy of a mega‐radiation: Biogeography and niche evolution in Astragalus

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 111(3)

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Abstract Premise Astragalus (Fabaceae), with more than 3000 species, represents a globally successful radiation of morphologically highly similar species predominant across the northern hemisphere. It has attracted attention from systematists and biogeographers, who have asked what factors might be behind extraordinary diversity this important arid‐adapted clade sets it apart close relatives far less richness. Methods Here, for first time using extensive phylogenetic sampling, we whether (1) is uniquely characterized by bursts or diversification instead uniform no different closely related taxa. Then tested attributable specifically to its predilection (2) cold arid habitats, (3) particular soils, (4) chromosome evolution. Finally, (5) originated in central Asia as proposed (6) niche evolutionary shifts were subsequently associated colonization other continents. Results Our results point importance heterogeneity , upshifts earliest divergences but not strongly tied any abiotic factor biogeographic regionalization here. The only potential correlate identified was number. Biogeographic strong association environment highlight gateway. Conclusions investigation shows studies logistically challenging “mega‐radiations.” findings reject simple key innovation high underline often nuanced, multifactorial processes leading species‐rich clades.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomics in Cactaceae: A case study using the chollas sensu lato (Cylindropuntieae, Opuntioideae) reveals a common pattern out of the Chihuahuan and Sonoran deserts

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 106(10), P. 1327 - 1345

Published: Sept. 23, 2019

Premise Although numerous phylogenetic studies have been conducted in Cactaceae, whole‐plastome datasets not employed. We used the chollas to develop a plastome dataset for phylogeny reconstruction test species relationships, biogeography, clade age, and morphological evolution. Methods developed most known diploid members of (42 taxa) as well other Cylindropuntieae. Paired‐end, raw reads from genome skimming were reference‐mapped onto de novo assembly one cholla, Cylindropuntia bigelovii , build our dataset, which was analyzed using various methods. Results Our resolved chollas, including interspecific intraspecific relationships. Tribe Cylindropuntieae arose ~18 mya, during early Miocene southern South America, is supported sister American Tephrocacteae. The ( Micropuntia + Grusonia )) likely originated Chihuahuan Desert region around 16 mya then migrated into North desert regions. Key characters recognizing traditional taxonomic series (e.g., spiny fruit) are mostly homoplasious. Conclusions This study provides first comprehensive any within Cactaceae. s.l. widespread throughout western deserts, their recent common ancestor mid‐Miocene, with much diversity arising mid‐Pliocene, pattern strikingly similar those found groups.

Language: Английский

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Chloroplast Phylogenomics Reveals the Intercontinental Biogeographic History of the Liquorice Genus (Leguminosae: Glycyrrhiza)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 17, 2020

The liquorice genus, Glycyrrhiza L. (Leguminosae), is a medicinal herb with great economic importance and an intriguing intercontinental disjunct distribution in Eurasia, North Africa, the Americas, Australia. Glycyrrhiza, along Glycyrrhizopsis Boiss. Meristotropis Fisch. & C.A.Mey., comprise s.l. Here we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships biogeographic history using sequence data of whole chloroplast genomes. We found that sister to tribe Wisterieae divided into four main clades. Clade I, corresponds sensu Meng. embedded within Meng, these two genera together form Clades II-IV. Based on analyses divergence time dating, originated during late Eocene its most recent common ancestor (MRCA) was distributed interior Eurasia circum-Mediterranean region. A vicariance event, which possibly response uplifting Turkish-Iranian Plateau, may have driven between Meng Middle Miocene. third fourth uplift events Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau led rapid evolutionary diversification Subsequently, MRCA II might migrated America (G. lepidota) via Bering land bridge early Pliocene, reached temperate South astragalina) by long-distance dispersal (LDD). Within III, G. acanthocarpa arrived at southern Australia through LDD after whereas all other species (the SPEY clade) Mediterranean region Pleistocene. IV restricted but descendants become widespread regions Old World Northern Hemisphere last million years.

Language: Английский

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Chromosome‐scale reference genome of Pectocarya recurvata, the species with the smallest reported genome size in Boraginaceae

Applications in Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 21, 2025

Abstract Premise Pectocarya recurvata (Boraginaceae, subfamily Cynoglossoideae), a species native to the Sonoran Desert (North America), has served as model system for suite of ecological and evolutionary studies. However, no reference genomes are currently available in Cynoglossoideae. A high‐quality genome P. would be valuable addressing questions this across broader taxonomic scales. Methods Using PacBio HiFi sequencing, we assembled annotated coding regions with full‐length transcripts from an Iso‐Seq library. We assessed completeness BUSCO k ‐mer analysis, estimated size six individuals using flow cytometry. Results The chromosome‐scale assembly was 216.0 Mbp long (N50 = 12.1 Mbp). Previous observations indicated is 2 n 24. Our included 12 primary contigs (158.3 Mbp) containing 30,655 genes telomeres at 23 out 24 ends. Flow cytometry measurements same population two plants 1C 196.9 Mbp, smallest measured Boraginaceae, four 385.8 which consistent tetraploidy population. Discussion annotation provide genomic resource sparsely represented area angiosperm phylogeny. This new will facilitate answering open ecophysiology, biogeography, systematics.

Language: Английский

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Bipolar distributions in vascular plants: A review

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 104(11), P. 1680 - 1694

Published: Nov. 1, 2017

Bipolar disjunct distributions are a fascinating biogeographic pattern exhibited by about 30 vascular plants, whose populations reach very high latitudes in the northern and southern hemispheres. In this review, we first propose new framework for definition of bipolar disjunctions then reformulate list guiding principles to consider how study species. Vicariance convergent evolution hypotheses have been argued explain origin fragmented distribution pattern, but show here that they can be rejected all species, except Carex microglochin . Instead, human introduction dispersal (either direct or mountain‐hopping) — facilitated standard nonstandard vectors most likely explanations plant disjunctions. Successful establishment after is key colonization areas appear related both intrinsic (e.g., self‐compatibility) extrinsic (mutualistic antagonistic interactions) characteristics. Most studies on conducted (Cyperaceae), genus plants with largest number We found predominant north‐to‐south direction dispersal, an estimated time diversification agreement major cooling events during Pliocene Pleistocene. species do not seem depend specialized traits long‐distance could dispersed through one multiple stochastic events, birds as vector.

Language: Английский

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A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in North and Central America and the Caribbean

PhytoKeys, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 123, P. 1 - 144

Published: May 30, 2019

The Morelloid Clade, also known as the black nightshades or “Maurella” (Morella), is one of 10 major clades within mega-diverse genus Solanum L. clade most species rich in central to southern Andes, but occur around tropics and subtropics, some extending well into temperate zone. Plants group are herbaceous short-lived perennials, with small white purplish flowers, juicy berries. Due complex morphological variation weedy nature these plants, coupled large number published synonyms (especially for European taxa), our understanding limits diversity Clade has lagged behind that other groups . Here we provide second a three-part series revisions morelloid solanums treating occurring North Central America Caribbean (for Old World see “PhytoKeys 106”, third part will treat South America). Synonymy, descriptions, distribution maps, common names uses provided all 18 this region. We native, eight putatively naturalised, introduced and/or invasive complete descriptions nomenclatural details, including lecto- neotypifications, species. Keys whole region each area it (i.e., America, Mexico, islands Caribbean), illustrations aid identification both herbaria field, maps provided. Preliminary conservation assessments Details specimens examined three Supplementary materials sections.

Language: Английский

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From continental Asia into the world: Global historical biogeography of the saltbush genus Atriplex (Chenopodieae, Chenopodioideae, Amaranthaceae)

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54, P. 125660 - 125660

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomic dating and Bayesian biogeography illuminate an antitropical pattern for eucerine bees

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(6), P. 1034 - 1047

Published: April 5, 2022

Abstract Aim An antitropical pattern is characterized by the occurrence of closely related taxa south and north tropics but absent or uncommonly represented closer to equator, in contrast most taxa, which tend have their highest diversity tropical regions. We investigate distribution eucerine bees with aim contributing characterization understanding this pattern. Location All continents except Antarctica Australia. Taxon Eucerine (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerinae). Methods carried out phylogenomic dating under two different clock models used multiple strategies vary matrix composition, evaluating overlapping divergence times estimated across using Bhattacharyya coefficients. Lastly, we reconstructed biogeographic history a Bayesian implementation DEC model. Results Eucerinae started diversifying during Palaeocene, all its tribes originating Palaeocene/Eocene transition southern South America. At least range expansions happened into North America before full closure Isthmus Panama. show that between groups disjunct distributions would periods when climate favoured expansion open habitats became isolated forests were re‐established. Main conclusions describe early diversification bees, revealing an intimate association Events evolution likely affected global cooling aridification, palaeoclimatic vegetational conditions probably been more relevant formation than consolidation Panama connecting Americas. also demonstrate uncertainty time estimation not due amount molecular data being used, other factors like fossil calibrations violations models.

Language: Английский

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Long distance dispersal in the assembly of floras: A review of progress and prospects in North America

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 56(5), P. 430 - 448

Published: May 5, 2018

Abstract Here, we review progress and prospects to explicitly test for long distance dispersal biogeographic events. Long represents a “jump” across some kind of barrier, such as topographic feature or zone unsuitable climate may include repeated jumps, stepping‐stone dispersals. dispersals were considered integral explaining the organization biodiversity at large small scales by early biogeographers, Darwin Wallace. Darwin, Wallace, others envisioned that predictable events because vectors dispersal, animals, winds, currents, behaved in non‐random ways. However, these biogeographers found was hard observe, and, later, with advent theory Continental Drift, vicariance became regarded better scientific explanation arrangement biodiversity, it represented falsifiable hypothesis. Thus, reduced nuisance parameter biogeography; random possibility could never fully be ruled out scenario which evidence supported vicariance. Today, there is strong interest more integrate into understanding assembly on earth. In this review, discuss testing hypotheses including through uses molecular, morphological, paleontological, informatics methods. We focus hypothesis involved flora North America, robust preliminary study system account its extant extinct being well‐catalogued.

Language: Английский

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