Long distance dispersal in the assembly of floras: A review of progress and prospects in North America

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 56(5), P. 430 - 448

Published: May 5, 2018

Abstract Here, we review progress and prospects to explicitly test for long distance dispersal biogeographic events. Long represents a “jump” across some kind of barrier, such as topographic feature or zone unsuitable climate may include repeated jumps, stepping‐stone dispersals. dispersals were considered integral explaining the organization biodiversity at large small scales by early biogeographers, Darwin Wallace. Darwin, Wallace, others envisioned that predictable events because vectors dispersal, animals, winds, currents, behaved in non‐random ways. However, these biogeographers found was hard observe, and, later, with advent theory Continental Drift, vicariance became regarded better scientific explanation arrangement biodiversity, it represented falsifiable hypothesis. Thus, reduced nuisance parameter biogeography; random possibility could never fully be ruled out scenario which evidence supported vicariance. Today, there is strong interest more integrate into understanding assembly on earth. In this review, discuss testing hypotheses including through uses molecular, morphological, paleontological, informatics methods. We focus hypothesis involved flora North America, robust preliminary study system account its extant extinct being well‐catalogued.

Language: Английский

---

Old origin for an European‐African amphitropical disjunction pattern: New insights from a case study on wingless darkling beetles

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 49(1), P. 130 - 141

Published: Nov. 30, 2021

Abstract Aim The origin of the amphitropic Mediterranean Basin and southern African disjunction (European–African amphitropical disjunction; EAAD) pattern is generally attributed to recent dispersal events. However, our knowledge limited because EAAD has been almost exclusively studied in plants. Here, we investigate this wide‐ranging a group wingless insects, consisting two major clades, both which have distributions. Location Sub‐Saharan Africa region. Taxon Tribe Dendarini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Methods We reconstructed dated molecular phylogeny lineages within using maximum likelihood Bayesian inference. employed dataset included sequences six genes (two mitochondrial four nuclear fragments) generated for 72 species. To sequence timing leading present‐day patterns, conducted parametric historical biogeography analyses. Results phylogenetic framework supports monophyly all highlights tribe sub‐Saharan during Middle Eocene. From there, representatives colonized region at Oligocene‐Miocene boundary, with one lineage first reaching North Africa, whilst other reached Europe. Main conclusions beetles ancient better explained by progressive fragmentation pan‐African rainforest that started Early Eocene than scenarios. This increased aridification associated global long‐term cooling trend took place time had strong influence on diversification distribution xerophilic organisms such as dendarine beetles. challenges understanding highlighting they do not only result from events between Pliocene Pleistocene.

Language: Английский

---

Amphitropical disjunctions in New World Menthinae: Three Pliocene dispersals to South America following late Miocene dispersal to North America from the Old World

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 104(11), P. 1695 - 1707

Published: Nov. 1, 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The subtribe Menthinae (Lamiaceae), with 35 genera and 750 species, is among the largest most economically important subtribes within mint family. Most of are found exclusively in New World, where group has a virtually continuous distribution ranging from temperate North America to southern South America. In this study, we explored presence, timing, origin amphitropical disjuncts Menthinae. METHODS: Our analyses were based on data set consisting 89 taxa nuclear ribosomal DNA markers ITS ETS. Phylogenetic relationships determined under maximum likelihood Bayesian criteria, divergence times estimated program BEAST, ancestral range BioGeoBEARS. KEY RESULTS: A Atlantic Land Bridge migration event at about 10.6 Ma inferred western Eurasia World spread rapidly across America, then into Central Several large speciose not monophyletic rDNA, finding mirrored previous chloroplast results. Three disjunctions involving clades, one including southeastern American clade several genera, have occurred past 5 Myr. CONCLUSIONS: Although three occur both none exhibit an disjunction. However, clades disjunctions, all dating early Pliocene, involve jump dispersals either or southwestern

Language: Английский

---

Evaluating the Monophyly and Biogeography of Cryptantha (Boraginaceae)

Systematic Botany, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 53 - 76

Published: March 18, 2018

Cryptantha, an herbaceous plant genus of the Boraginaceae, subtribe Amsinckiinae, has American amphitropical disjunct distribution, found in western North America and South America, but not intervening tropics. In a previous study, Cryptantha was to be polyphyletic split into five genera, including weakly supported, potentially non-monophyletic s. this subsequent studies interrelationshipswithin were generally strongly supported sample size low. Here we analyze greatly increased sampling taxa using high-throughput, genome skimming data, which obtained complete ribosomal cistron, nearly chloroplast genome, twenty-three mitochondrial genes. Our analyses have allowed for inference clades within complex with strong support. The occurrence is confirmed, three major obtained, termed here Johnstonella/Albidae clade, Maritimae large core each as monophyletic. From these phylogenomic analyses, assess classification, character evolution, phylogeographic history that elucidates current distribution group. Revealing timing, direction, number times dispersal between gives insight origin great biodiversity regions.

Language: Английский

---

Memoirs of a frequent flier: Phylogenomics reveals 18 long‐distance dispersals between North America and South America in the popcorn flowers (Amsinckiinae)

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 104(11), P. 1717 - 1728

Published: Nov. 1, 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: American amphitropical disjunction (AAD) is an important but understudied New World biogeographic pattern in which related plants occur extratropical North America and South America, are absent the intervening tropics. Subtribe Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae) one of richest groups displaying AAD pattern. Here, we infer a time‐calibrated molecular phylogeny group to evaluate number, timing, directionality events, yields generalizable insights into mechanism AAD. METHODS: We perform phylogenomic analysis 139 samples subtribe divergence times using two calibration schemes: with only fossil calibrations fossils plus secondary from recent family level analysis. Biogeographic was performed R package BioGeoBEARS. KEY RESULTS: document 18 examples Amsinckiinae. Inferred these were strongly asynchronous, ranging Miocene (17.1 million years ago [Ma]) Pleistocene (0.33 Ma), most (12) occurring <5 Ma. Four events occurred 10–5 Ma, during second rise Andes. All had directionality. CONCLUSIONS: Second hyperdiverse Poaceae number documented examples, ideal system for study Asynchronous support hypothesis long‐distance dispersal by birds as more generally. Further comparative studies may permit testing examination relationship between fruit morphology, reproductive biology, ploidy.

Language: Английский

---

Origin and Diversification of South American Polyploid Silene Sect. Physolychnis (Caryophyllaceae) in the Andes and Patagonia

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 11, 2018

The Andes are an important biogeographic region in South America extending for about 8000 km from Venezuela to Argentina. They - along with the Patagonian steppes main distribution area of ca. 18 polyploid species Silene sect. Physolychnis. Using nuclear ITS and plastid psbE-petG matK sequences, flow cytometric ploidy level estimations chromosome counts, including 13 American species, we explored origin diversification this group. Our data suggest a single, late Pliocene or early Pleistocene migration North S. verecunda lineage America, which was followed by dispersal tetraploid Andes, other Argentinian mountain ranges steppes. Later populations hybridized uralensis lineage, led allopolyploidisation decaploid chilensis echegarayi occurring at high elevations. Additionally, show that morphological differentiation leaf shape correlated divergent habitats (high elevation vs. lower steppes) is also supported phylogenetically, especially tree. Lastly, boundaries among narrow-leaved steppe poorly resolved need more thorough taxonomic revision.

Language: Английский

---

Parallel Pleistocene amphitropical disjunctions of a parasitic plant and its host

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 104(11), P. 1745 - 1755

Published: Nov. 1, 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Aphyllon is a clade of holoparasites that includes closely related North American and South species parasitic on Grindelia . Both (Orobanchaceae) (Asteraceae) have amphitropical disjunctions between America America; however, the timing these patterns processes to explain them are unknown. METHODS: Chronograms for Orobanchaceae their relatives were constructed using fossil secondary calibration points, one which was based inferred horizontal gene transfer from papilionoid legume into common ancestor Orobanche Phelipanche Elevated rates molecular evolution in hindered efforts determine reliable divergence time estimates absence record. However, event as overcomes this limitation. These chronograms used reconstruct biogeography , DEC+J model implemented RevBayes. KEY RESULTS: had two dispersals America, while single dispersal. The dispersal lineage (0.40 Ma) took place somewhat after began diversify (0.93 Ma). Using transfer, we infer more recent dates holoparasitic Orobancheae than previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: Parallel host–parasite illustrate means by ecological specialization may result nonindependent diversity distantly lineages. Although both dispersed recently, appears diversified extensively following colonization. More broadly, Pleistocene glaciations probably also contributed temperate northern hemisphere Orobancheae. We demonstrate utility events well‐dated clades calibrate parasite phylogenies

Language: Английский

---

Molecular phylogeny and divergence time of Harpalyce (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae), a lineage with amphitropical diversification in seasonally dry forests and savannas

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 108031 - 108031

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Why Botrychium? A Case Study of Moonwort Madness

American Fern Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 114(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

I review the history of my work on moonwort ferns, genus Botrychium, beginning with early discovery biology as a profession and importance mentors networks professional researchers in development interests biology. discuss initial new species Botrychium utilization enzyme electrophoresis an methodology for establishing species' individual genetic characterization their relationships among species, emphasizing codominant nuclear markers detection allopolyploid parentages. unusual predominance allopolyploidy possible reasons this relative to breeding systems, describe pathway overcoming hybrid sterility without polyploidy. inadequacy wind universal dispersal mechanism suggest avian under-appreciated spore mechanism. Throughout note unresolved issues areas needed research. Lastly, unique characteristics that have allowed lineage persist through ecological disruptions massive extinctions compete successfully modern ecosystems, morphological similarities its descendants land plants.

Language: Английский

---

Cryptantha whippleae (Boraginaceae), a new serpentine-adapted species endemic to northern California, U.S.A.

PhytoKeys, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 247, P. 155 - 172

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Cryptantha whippleae D.A.York & M.G.Simpson (Boraginaceae) is described as new. This species currently known to occur in serpentine barrens the Shasta-Trinity National Forest of Siskiyou County, California, with one outlier population possible Lake California. The new most similar grandiflora and C. milobakeri , these three likely each others’ closest relatives. All have a relatively large corolla limb width smooth, lance-ovate ovate, marginally rounded, acuminate abaxially transversely flattened nutlets. differs from having short, opposed tall, stem height; bifurcate trifurcate primary axis cymules; typically 2–3 nutlets per fruit, usually nutlet fruit. also versus appressed-strigose spreading-hispid vestiture, strigose only or hirsute; calyx trichomes two distinct vestiture types, appressed hirsute medially hispid, type, dense, ascending, whitish sericeous; rare joins seven other that are found on serpentine, either obligately facultatively. Current molecular phylogenetic studies support mostly convergent evolution adaptation but additional needed.

Language: Английский

---