Immune-checkpoint inhibitor resistance in patients with cancer DOI Creative Commons
Luís Cabezón-Gutiérrez, Sara Custodio‐Cabello, Magda Palka-Kotlowska

et al.

Exploration of Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: May 20, 2025

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has transformed the landscape oncology, offering significant improvements in patient survival and achieving remarkable long-term outcomes. Despite these advances, therapeutic benefits ICIs are not universal, existing biomarkers often fall short accurately predicting responses. A comprehensive understanding mechanisms underlying resistance to is essential for development strategies mitigate challenges enhance efficacy. This review provides a detailed exploration associated with ICIs, focusing on role tumor microenvironment intrinsic cell alterations mediating both primary secondary resistance. Furthermore, it evaluates emerging overcome resistance, including combination therapies innovative approaches. By dissecting molecular immunological pathways implicated ICI this aims highlight novel predictive prognostic outline optimized maximize clinical impact cancer management.

Language: Английский

Immune-checkpoint inhibitor resistance in patients with cancer DOI Creative Commons
Luís Cabezón-Gutiérrez, Sara Custodio‐Cabello, Magda Palka-Kotlowska

et al.

Exploration of Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: May 20, 2025

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has transformed the landscape oncology, offering significant improvements in patient survival and achieving remarkable long-term outcomes. Despite these advances, therapeutic benefits ICIs are not universal, existing biomarkers often fall short accurately predicting responses. A comprehensive understanding mechanisms underlying resistance to is essential for development strategies mitigate challenges enhance efficacy. This review provides a detailed exploration associated with ICIs, focusing on role tumor microenvironment intrinsic cell alterations mediating both primary secondary resistance. Furthermore, it evaluates emerging overcome resistance, including combination therapies innovative approaches. By dissecting molecular immunological pathways implicated ICI this aims highlight novel predictive prognostic outline optimized maximize clinical impact cancer management.

Language: Английский

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