Research Review: Why do prospective and retrospective measures of maltreatment differ? A narrative review

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65(12), P. 1662 - 1677

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Background Childhood maltreatment contributes to a large mental health burden worldwide. Different measures of childhood are not equivalent and may capture meaningful differences. In particular, prospective retrospective identify different groups individuals differentially associated with psychopathology. However, the reasons behind these discrepancies have yet been comprehensively mapped. Methods this review, we draw on multi‐disciplinary research present an integrated framework explain measurement disagreement. Results We identified three interrelated domains. First, methodological issues related data collection methods. Second, role memory in influencing reports maltreatment. Finally, motivations disclose, withhold, or fabricate information about Conclusions A greater understanding disagreement point new ways conceptualise assess Furthermore, it help uncover mechanisms underlying maltreatment‐related psychopathology targets for novel interventions.

Language: Английский

---

Organizing memories for generalization in complementary learning systems

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 15, 2021

ABSTRACT Memorization and generalization are complementary cognitive processes that jointly promote adaptive behavior. For example, animals should memorize a safe route to water source generalize features allow them find new sources, without expecting paths exactly resemble previous ones. Memory aids by allowing the brain extract general patterns from specific instances were spread across time, such as when humans progressively build semantic knowledge episodic memories. This process depends on neural mechanisms of systems consolidation, whereby hippocampal-neocortical interactions gradually construct neocortical memory traces consolidating hippocampal precursors. However, recent data suggest consolidation only applies subset memories; why certain memories consolidate more than others remains unclear. Here we introduce novel network formalization highlights an overlooked tension between transfer generalization, resolve this postulating it generalization. We specifically show unregulated can be detrimental in unpredictable environments, whereas optimizing for generates high-fidelity, dual-system supporting both theory generalization-optimized produces transfers some components neocortex leaves dependent hippocampus. It thus provides normative principle reconceptualizing numerous puzzling observations field insight into how behavior benefits learning specialized memorization

Language: Английский

---

Reap while you sleep: Consolidation of memories differs by how they were sown

Hippocampus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(8), P. 922 - 935

Published: March 27, 2023

Abstract Newly formed memories are spontaneously reactivated during sleep, leading to their strengthening. This reactivation process can be manipulated by reinstating learning‐related stimuli a technique termed targeted memory reactivation. Numerous studies have found that delivering cues sleep improves for simple associations, in which one cue reactivates tested memory. However, real‐life often live rich, complex networks of associations. In this review, we will examine recent forays into investigating how affects within paradigms, reactivate multiple memories. A common theme across is consequences do not merely depend on whether reside arrangements, but interact with another acquisition. We therefore emphasize intricate study design details alter the nature learning and/or participant intentions impact outcomes some cases, harmoniously bring about mutual benefits; other antagonistically and produce selective impairments retrieval. Ultimately, although burgeoning area research has yet systematically explored, results suggest fate arrangements depends they were learned.

Language: Английский

---

Dynamic mutual predictions during social learning: A computational and interbrain model

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 105513 - 105513

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

---

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex prioritizes social learning during rest

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(12)

Published: March 11, 2024

Sociality is a defining feature of the human experience: We rely on others to ensure survival and cooperate in complex social networks thrive. Are there brain mechanisms that help we quickly learn about our world optimally navigate it? tested whether portions brain’s default network engage “by default” prioritize learning during memory consolidation process. To test this possibility, participants underwent functional MRI (fMRI) while viewing scenes from documentary film, Samsara . This film shows footage real people places around world. normed select differed along dimension sociality, matched valence, arousal, interestingness, familiarity. During fMRI, watched “social” “nonsocial” scenes, completed rest scan, surprise recognition test. Participants showed superior (vs. nonsocial) performance, advantage was associated with neural pattern reinstatement dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), key node network. Moreover, it early DMPFC greatest predicted subsequent performance most strongly, consistent “prioritization” account. Results simultaneously update 1) theories consolidation, which have not addressed how information may be prioritized process, 2) understanding function, remains fully characterized. More broadly, results underscore inherent drive understand vastly

Language: Английский

---

The effects of mnemonic variability and spacing on memory over multiple timescales

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(12)

Published: March 12, 2024

The memory benefit that arises from distributing learning over time rather than in consecutive sessions is one of the most robust effects cognitive psychology. While prior work has mainly focused on repeated exposures to same information, real world, mnemonic content dynamic, with some pieces information staying stable while others vary. Thus, open questions remain about efficacy spacing effect face variability content. Here, two experiments, we investigated contributions and timescale intervals, ranging seconds days, long-term memory. For item memory, both intervals were beneficial for memory; however, was greater at shorter intervals. In contrast, associative repetition benefits only emerged absence variability. These results highlight a critical role effect, bringing this classic paradigm into more ecologically valid contexts.

Language: Английский

---

Continuously changing memories: a framework for proactive and non-linear consolidation

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 8 - 19

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Attachment as Prediction: Insights From Cognitive and Developmental Neuroscience

Current Directions in Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Early caregiving experiences have strong, persistent links to emotion regulation. In this article we offer a view that the content represented in emotion-regulation neurobiology part reflects consolidated interpersonal-affective memories abstracted from early experiences. We suggest these memories, referred here as “attachment schemas,” are by cortical-subcortical (re)activations. Neural circuitry involving functional connections between subcortical and midline cortical regions is well positioned generate predictive inferences attachment schemas implications for Although speculative, perspective motivated convergence of empirical findings cognitive developmental neuroscience. Situating affective neural predictions within neurodevelopmental framework has great potential uncover mechanisms ultimately build toward more complete understanding emotional well-being.

Language: Английский

---

Sleep studies enter the real world

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Collecting initial accounts using ChatCharlie chatbot improves eyewitness memory in later investigative interviews

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 19, 2025

Abstract Initial account interviews (IAi) offer eyewitnesses more immediate opportunities to answer a series of brief questions about their experiences prior an in-depth, formal investigative interview. An IAi is typically elicited in-person near/at the scene crime using broadly systematic questioning. Retrieval practice can improve subsequent recall in some contexts, but there dearth research centred on potential costs and benefits quick IAi. Furthermore, where impossible, no alternative provision exists. Given nature protocol, we developed conversational chatbot as alternative. Using mock-witness paradigm, investigated memory performance adults from general population during in-depth one week after having provided 10 min post event either (1) person, (2) via ChatCharlie chatbot, or (3) (control). conditions leveraged significantly improved later versus Control. Accounts were accurate complete, correct information was remembered without increased errors indicating digital agents for purposes Findings concur with predictions theoretical understanding episodic consolidation empirical eyewitness literature regarding contexts.

Language: Английский

---