Does economic freedom affect green economic growth? Analyses of mediation, moderation, and heterogeneity in EU and non-EU countries

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 22, 2025

Introduction Economic freedom is widely regarded as a key determinant of economic prosperity. However, its influence on green growth (GEG), particularly within the context sustainable development, remains underexplored. This study seeks to address this gap by examining relationship between and GEG, with focus both European Union (EU) non-EU countries. Methods Using panel data from 28 EU countries 2012 2021, employs two-way fixed effects model explore impact GEG. The analysis incorporates mediation, moderation, heterogeneity testing understand various factors at play. Energy security risk tested mediating factor, while government efficiency corruption control are assessed for their moderating roles. Results findings reveal that significantly promotes energy serving mediator. Specifically, higher reduces risks, which subsequently supports economy. Moreover, found moderate relationship, enhancing positive in Heterogeneity shows has significant effect GEG countries, but no such observed likely due stricter environmental regulations more extensive social welfare systems. Discussion These results suggest plays role fostering effectiveness contingent upon regulatory environment, including control. Policymakers encouraged strengthen frameworks, improve governmental efficiency, manage risks create an environment conducive growth.

Language: Английский

How does trade freedom affect the development of clean energy? based on the moderating effect of carbon emissions

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Changes in trade freedom affect national economic development and energy demand, which turn affects clean development. This study assesses the impact of on 114 countries from 2006 to 2020. Empirical testing shows that significantly inhibits a linear manner. The results also indicate higher GDP per capita increased governmental capacity control corruption are both important factors contributing In addition, by incorporating mediating mechanisms, this finds increasing country’s innovation openness. Finally, exploring possible moderating effects, show carbon emissions bank lending weaken negative effect development, while globalization government expenditure strengthen effect. offers vital insights policymakers balancing advancement liberalization policies with

Language: Английский

The impact of financial stress on house price expectations: evidence from survey data

International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2025

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of financial stress on house price expectations using unit-level observations from novel survey data. Design/methodology/approach The authors use household-level data Inflation Expectation Survey Households Reserve Bank India and Financial Stress Index (FSI) released by Tracking Asian Integration Development Bank. exploit variations in household estimate lagged FSI expectations. Findings find that increased results lower has a stronger for near term vis-à-vis year ahead. Heterogeneity analysis reveals rise leads prices among women. Expectations are older population people with less income stability. Asymmetric more sensitive high stress, offering new insights into cyclical nature housing sentiment. Moreover, equity market foreign exchange have highest negative during stress. Practical implications findings association between stability, credit crucial central bank. Originality/value To best authors’ knowledge, this study is first examine observational also uncover heterogenous based socio-economic characteristics households. further explore asymmetric disaggregated

Language: Английский