Pathophysiology and Main Molecular Mechanisms of Urinary Stone Formation and Recurrence

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 3075 - 3075

Published: March 6, 2024

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is one of the most common urological diseases. The incidence kidney stones has increased dramatically in last few decades. are mineral deposits calyces or pelvis, free attached to renal papillae. They contain crystals and organic components, they made when urine supersaturated with minerals. Calcium-containing common, calcium oxalate as main component stones. However, many these form on a phosphate matrix called Randall’s plaque, which found surface papilla. etiology multifactorial, recurrence rate high 50% within 5 years after first onset. There great need for prevention that requires better understanding mechanisms involved formation facilitate development more effective drugs. This review aims understand pathophysiology molecular known date prevent recurrences, behavioral nutritional interventions, well pharmacological treatments specific type stone.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions

Life, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 495 - 495

Published: March 28, 2022

During space missions, astronauts are faced with a variety of challenges that unique to spaceflight and have been known cause physiological changes in humans over period time. Several these occur at the microbiome level, complex ensemble microbial communities residing various anatomic sites human body, pivotal role regulating health behavior host. The is essential for day-to-day activities, alterations composition function linked diseases. For reasons, understanding impact conditions on important assess significant risks can emerge during long-term missions develop countermeasures. Here, we review caused by exploration discuss promoting or ameliorating conditions, as well space-related factors composition. topics explored pertain microgravity, radiation, immunity, bone health, cognitive function, gender differences pharmacomicrobiomics. Connections made between trifecta spaceflight, host microbiome, significance interactions successful missions.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic changes in kidney stone disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 9, 2023

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is one of the earliest medical diseases known, but mechanism its formation and metabolic changes remain unclear. The kidney stones a extensive complicated process, which regulated by in various substances. In this manuscript, we summarized progress research on discuss valuable role some new potential targets. We reviewed influence metabolism common substances formation, such as regulation oxalate, release reactive oxygen species (ROS), macrophage polarization, levels hormones, alternation other New insights into substance disease, well emerging techniques, will provide directions treatment stones. Reviewing great that has been made field help to improve understanding urologists, nephrologists, health care providers contribute explore targets for clinical therapy.

Language: Английский

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Oxalate in Foods: Extraction Conditions, Analytical Methods, Occurrence, and Health Implications

Foods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 3201 - 3201

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Oxalate is an antinutrient present in a wide range of foods, with plant products, especially green leafy vegetables, being the main sources dietary oxalates. This compound has been largely associated hyperoxaluria, kidney stone formation, and, more severe cases, systematic oxalosis. Due to its impact on human health, it extremely important control amount oxalate particularly for patients issues. In this review, summary and discussion current knowledge analysis, extraction conditions, specific features analytical methods, reported occurrence health implications are presented. addition, brief conclusion further perspectives whether high-oxalate foods truly problematic can be seen as threats shown.

Language: Английский

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The Gut–Organ Axis within the Human Body: Gut Dysbiosis and the Role of Prebiotics

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 2023 - 2023

Published: Oct. 8, 2023

The human gut microbiota (GM) is a complex microbial ecosystem that colonises the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and comprised of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa. GM has symbiotic relationship with its host fundamental for body homeostasis. not limited to scope GIT, but there are bidirectional interactions between other organs, highlighting concept "gut-organ axis". Any deviation from normal composition GM, termed "microbial dysbiosis", implicated in pathogenesis various diseases. Only few studies have demonstrated modifications disease phenotypes, it still unknown whether an altered contributes or simply reflects status. Restoration probiotics prebiotics been postulated, evidence effects limited. Prebiotics substrates "selectively utilized by microorganisms, conferring health benefit". This study highlights vital organs demonstrates dysbiosis emergence certain representative Finally, this article focuses on potential as target therapy manipulate presents gaps literature research.

Language: Английский

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Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis: An Updated Review

Journal of Ecohumanism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(8)

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Background: Uric acid nephrolithiasis is a prevalent condition marked by the formation of kidney stones from uric crystal deposition. This disorder often linked to hyperuricemia and acidic urine, with multiple risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome. stones, which account for 5-40% urinary globally, have historically caused significant pain require advanced treatments. Aim: review aims update understanding nephrolithiasis, focusing on its etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, current treatment strategies. Methods: The synthesizes data numerous studies biochemical formation, management stones. It emphasizes role pH, hyperuricosuria, low urine volume, genetic predispositions in stone formation. impact diet, disorders, environmental factors also discussed. Results: primarily form under conditions impairs solubility acid. Diets high purines, dehydration, disorders significantly increase Key include urine. Advances now allow dissolution many increasing pH volume while managing hyperuricosuria. However, recurrence remains common, associated healthcare costs. Conclusion: clinical challenge diverse etiology factors. Early diagnosis intervention, dietary modifications, adequate hydration, medical reduce levels, are crucial preventing recurrence. Continued research into molecular mechanisms novel treatments essential improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Methadone metabolite (EDDP) crystals in urine: a case report

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 6

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Crystals in urinary sediment are commonly recognized structures, typically identified by a combination of crystal morphology and urine pH. In this paper, we present the first reported case EDDP (2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidene) crystals, primary metabolite methadone, 67-year-old male with hepatorenal syndrome. Routine urinalysis revealed numerous needle-shaped which prompted further investigation. Advanced techniques, including Raman spectroscopy mass spectrometry, confirmed crystals to be EDDP. This highlights diagnostic challenge posed drug-induced crystalluria, particularly context complex comorbidities chronic opioid therapy. Early recognition identification such crucial preventing kidney injury, emphasizing importance meticulous analysis clinical practice. report broadens spectrum drugs known induce formation.

Language: Английский

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Drug-induced kidney stones: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FDA adverse event reporting system database

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 27, 2025

Objective This study aims to identify the drugs most commonly associated with kidney stone-related adverse events using data from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), providing insights for clinical reference regarding use of these drugs. Methods We utilized Medical Dictionary Regulatory Activities (MedDRA 26.0) preferred term “nephrolithiasis” drug-related (ADEs) stones reported in FAERS Q1 2004 2024. odds ratio (ROR) was used quantify signal strength ADEs, and new risk signals were compared drug labeling information any previously unreported risks. Results Out 21,035,995 FAERS, 38,307 stones. The top 5 frequently linked stone cases adalimumab (2,636 cases), infliximab (1,266 interferon beta-1a (920 sodium oxybate (877 teriparatide (836 cases). Notably, certain like lansoprazole (ROR 7.2, 95% CI 6.62–7.84), Xywav 7.1, 6.03–8.35), teduglutide 5.54, 4.83–6.36) showed significant signals. Of 50 identified, 33 not labeled as carrying a Conclusion Our analysis revealed indicated labels Close monitoring is recommended when medications, further research needed investigate mechanisms behind drug-induced formation.

Language: Английский

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Association between oxidative balance score and kidney stone in United States adults: analysis from NHANES 2007-2018

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) and kidney stone risk using NHANES 2007-2018 data, to explore potential mechanisms population-specific effects. Materials methods: Data from were analyzed. OBS was calculated based on 16 dietary components 4 lifestyle components. Multivariate logistic regression employed stone. Further stratified analyses conducted examine associations across different subgroups. Results: A total of 19,799 participants included in study. There a consistent inverse association stones (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99). After dividing into quartiles OBS, compared lowest quartile highest reduced by 33% (95% CI 0.50–0.89; p 0.002). This both scores. The protective effect notably pronounced among Non-Hispanic white Other race groups, individuals with higher level education. However, not significant diabetes. Conclusion: indicating balance skewed towards antioxidants, is associated stones, especially specific population These findings underscore role oxidative pathogenesis highlight importance considering individual factors future research preventive strategies.

Language: Английский

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Exploring a Complex Interplay: Kidney–Gut Axis in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(16), P. 3609 - 3609

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

The human intestinal microbiota is a highly intricate structure with crucial role in promoting health and preventing disease. It consists of diverse microbial communities that inhabit the gut contribute to essential functions such as food digestion, nutrient synthesis, immune system development. composition function are influenced by variety factors, including diet, host genetics, environmental features. In pediatric patients, particularly dynamic vulnerable disruption from endogenous exogenous factors. Recent research has focused on understanding interaction between kidneys. individuals chronic kidney disease, there often significant disturbance microbiota. This imbalance can be attributed factors like increased levels harmful toxins entering bloodstream, inflammation, oxidative stress. review looks at what known about link child’s gut–kidney axis, how dysbiosis, or an microbiome, affects treatments, both pharmaceutical non-pharmaceutical, available for this condition.

Language: Английский

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