Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 276 - 276

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a pivotal characteristic of numerous neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Huntington's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These conditions, distinguished by unique clinical pathological features, exhibit shared pathways leading to neuronal damage, all which are closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The high metabolic requirements neurons make even minor deficiencies highly impactful, driving oxidative stress, energy deficits, aberrant protein processing. Growing evidence from genetic, biochemical, cellular investigations associates impaired electron transport chain activity disrupted quality-control mechanisms, such as mitophagy, the initial phases disease progression. Furthermore, overproduction reactive oxygen species persistent neuroinflammation can establish feedforward cycles that exacerbate deterioration. Recent research has increasingly focused on interventions aimed at enhancing resilience-through antioxidants, small molecules modulate balance fusion fission, or gene-based therapeutic strategies. Concurrently, initiatives identify dependable biomarkers seek detect changes prior manifestation overt symptoms. By integrating current body knowledge, this review emphasizes critical role preserving homeostasis viable approach. It also addresses complexities translating these findings into practice underscores potential innovative strategies designed delay potentially halt processes.

Language: Английский

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Pathological and Inflammatory Consequences of Aging

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 404 - 404

Published: March 12, 2025

Aging is a complex, progressive, and irreversible biological process that entails numerous structural functional changes in the organism. These affect all bodily systems, reducing their ability to respond adapt environment. Chronic inflammation one of key factors driving development age-related diseases, ultimately causing substantial decline abilities older individuals. This persistent inflammatory state (commonly known as “inflammaging”) characterized by elevated levels pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increase oxidative stress, perturbation immune homeostasis. Several factors, including cellular senescence, contribute this milieu, thereby amplifying conditions such cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, metabolic disorders. Exploring mechanisms chronic aging essential for developing targeted interventions aimed at promoting healthy aging. review explains strong connection between inflammation, highlighting potential therapeutic approaches like pharmacological treatments, dietary strategies, lifestyle changes.

Language: Английский

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Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases: A review of inhibitors for NLRP3 inflammasome

Advanced Chinese Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2025

Abstract The NLR family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a vital part of the innate immune response, whilst its aberrant activation drives progression several noncommunicable diseases. It induces caspase‐1 and downstream substrates involved with processing secretion pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β IL‐18 TNF‐α. Activation this complex often involves adapter ASC upstream sensors including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, pyrin, which are activated by different stimuli infectious agents changes in cell homeostasis, play key roles inflammation, development, related death. However, molecular mechanisms that integrate multiple to facilitate optimal host defense remain unknown; therefore, treatment challenging. Natural medicine small molecule‐based therapies have been well‐documented for their effectiveness modulating inflammatory pathways reestablishing lost proteostasis inside cells combat chronic diseases inflammation. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) potent clinical effects against NLRP3 could be used as complementary therapy. Therefore, review summarizes various similar reports highlights important nutraceuticals bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants on possible action. Thus, TCM prescriptions, herbs, can considered novel, practical, accessible inhibiting activation.

Language: Английский

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Investigating the role of the AMPK signaling pathway in preventing CCI-induced neuropathy in rats: focus on anti-inflammatory effects

Neurological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10

Published: March 28, 2025

It has been shown that the AMPK signaling pathway helps maintain structure of nerve cells and prevent damage caused by hypoxia preserving energy available in these cells. This is activated various drugs, including metformin. In this study, thirty male rats were randomly divided into healthy rats, CCI (chronic constriction injury), + metformin, dorsomorphin, metformin dorsomorphin groups. Behavioral tests performed on third, seventh, fourteenth days after induction CCI. On last day, inflammatory cytokines pathology investigated dissecting spinal cords sciatic nerves animals, respectively. The results study indicated could improve performance behavioral reduce levels cytokines. Histological analyses further revealed decrease inflammation necrosis tissue. Notably, effect was observed despite injection, which prevented therapeutic effects fifth group. stimulation effectively preserve nerve, inflammation, responses to tests.

Language: Английский

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Protective effects of ginsenoside Rd on inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation through histone deacetylase 5-mediated signaling

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106248 - 106248

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The interplay between α-synuclein aggregation and necroptosis in Parkinson’s disease: a spatiotemporal perspective

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: April 8, 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation alpha-synuclein (α-Syn). It presents with prominent motor symptoms, time diagnosis, significant number have already been lost. Current medications can only alleviate symptoms but cannot halt progression. Studies confirmed that both neuronal loss α-Syn are associated necroptosis mechanisms. Necroptosis, regulated form cell death, has recognized as an underexplored hotspot in PD pathogenesis research. In this review, we propose spatiotemporal model progression, highlighting interactions between aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation necroptosis. These processes not drive also contribute to early non-motor offering insights into potential diagnostic markers. Finally, touch upon therapeutic inhibition enhancing current treatments, such L-Dopa. This review aims provide new perspective on identify avenues for development more effective strategies.

Language: Английский

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Role of Antioxidants in Modulating the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3658 - 3658

Published: April 12, 2025

This narrative review presents the role of antioxidants in regulating gut microbiota and impact on gut–brain axis, with a particular focus neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s (AD) Parkinson’s disease (PD). These diseases are characterised by cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, neuroinflammation, all which significantly exacerbated oxidative stress. elucidates contribution damage to progression explores potential mitigate these pathological processes through modulation associated pathways. Based recent studies retrieved from reputable databases, including PubMed, Web Science, Scopus, this article outlines mechanisms influence health exert neuroprotective effects. Specifically, it discusses how antioxidants, polyphenols, vitamins, flavonoids, contribute reduction reactive oxygen species (ROS) production thereby promoting neuronal survival minimising brain. In addition, modulating key molecular pathways involved stress NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK, PI3K/AKT pathways, regulate ROS generation, inflammatory cytokine expression, antioxidant responses essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis both central nervous system. complex relationship between gut-derived metabolites, stress, highlighting dysbiosis—an imbalance microbiota—can exacerbate accelerating AD PD. The also examines short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced beneficial bacteria attenuate neuroinflammation damage. Furthermore, therapeutic microbiota-targeted interventions, delivery probiotics prebiotics, innovative strategies restore microbial support brain health. By synthesising current knowledge interplay underlying neurodegeneration, highlights promise antioxidant-based interventions mitigating progression. It need further research into antioxidant-rich dietary microbiota-focused therapies promising avenues prevention treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

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Insights into Dysregulated Neurological Biomarkers in Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(15), P. 2680 - 2680

Published: July 27, 2024

The link between neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and cancer has generated greater interest in biomedical research, with decades of global studies investigating biomarkers to better understand possible connections. Tau, amyloid-β, α-synuclein, SOD1, TDP-43, other proteins associated nervous system have also been identified various types solid malignant tumors, suggesting a potential overlap pathological processes. In this review, we aim provide an overview current evidence on the role these cancer, specifically examining their effects cell proliferation, apoptosis, chemoresistance, tumor progression. Additionally, discuss diagnostic therapeutic implications interconnection, emphasizing importance further research completely comprehend clinical tumors. Finally, explore challenges opportunities targeting for development new targeted anticancer therapies, providing insight into how integrate knowledge NDs oncology research.

Language: Английский

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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1): An Inflammatory Regulator with Potential Implications in Ferroptosis and Parkinson’s Disease

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 1554 - 1554

Published: Sept. 15, 2024

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1/CD54), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been considered as one of the most important molecules during leukocyte recruitment. It is encoded by ICAM1 gene and plays central role in inflammation. Its crucial many inflammatory diseases such ulcerative colitis rheumatoid arthritis are well established. Given that neuroinflammation, underscored microglial activation, key element neurodegenerative Parkinson’s disease (PD), we investigated whether ICAM-1 this progressive neurological condition and, if so, to elucidate underpinning mechanisms. Specifically, were interested potential interaction between ICAM-1, glial cells, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form cell death recently implicated PD. We conclude there exist direct indirect (via cells T cells) influences on ferroptosis further elucidation these interactions can suggest novel intervention for devastating disease.

Language: Английский

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Gender-Related Differences in Hepatic Inflammation, Lipid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function Following Early Lipopolysaccharide Exposure in Epileptic WAG/Rij Rats

Published: July 4, 2024

Epilepsy is a non-communicable neurological disease characterized by abnormal brain activity with conceivable peripheral implications. Few studies examine the role of and inflammation in relationship between seizure predisposition nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Severe early-life infections leading to sepsis results increased that can aggravate epilepsy hepatic damage progression both associated odds for hospital admissions epileptic patients. Here, we examined effect early LPS challenge (1 mg/kg, i.p. at post-natal day3, PND3) inducing genetic model young WAG/Rij rats (PND45), evaluating intra- inter-gender differences on systemic inflammation, lipid dysmetabolism oxidative mitochondrial functional impairment. First, exposed LPS, regardless gender, displayed serum enzymes altered profile. Early induced major inflammatory immune response male than females liver, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines cell recruitment. Conversely, LPS-insulted showed marked alteration metabolic profile reduction acid oxidation. The two different gender-related mechanisms LPS-induced injury converge intensified ROS production sexes, notably compensatory increase antioxidant defense only females. Our study translational potential points out postnatal predispose develop or worsen disorders sex-dependent manner, amplifying dysmetabolism,

Language: Английский

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