DECIPHERING THE IMMUNE LANDSCAPE OF OVARIAN CANCER: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF IGCH CD4+, CD8+, AND PD-L1 IN TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS

Medical science of Uzbekistan, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 22 - 26

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Relevance. Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies worldwide, with high mortality primarily due to late-stage diagnosis and lack effective early screening. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in progression, immune evasion, resistance therapy. Immune cells, particularly CD4+ CD8+ T along checkpoint proteins like PD-L1, significantly influence behavior therapeutic response. Understanding their roles ovarian may provide insights into novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Materials methods study. A total 135 patients from Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Center Oncology Radiology, Samarkand Branch, were included this Tumor samples obtained through biopsy or surgical resection, profiling was performed using multiplex immunohistochemistry flow cytometry. expression levels CD4+, CD8+, PD-L1 quantified, spatial distribution within TME analyzed. Correlations between profiles clinical outcomes, including survival rates response immunotherapy, assessed. Research results. helper cells exhibited functional diversity, Th1 promoting anti-tumor immunity, whereas Th2 regulatory (Tregs) contributed suppression advanced tumors. High T-cell infiltration correlated improved survival; however, elevated associated exhaustion (PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3) evasion. Increased linked poor prognosis, reinforcing its as key regulator. Conclusion. This study highlights prognostic significance cancer. aid personalized treatment strategies, optimizing immunotherapy efficacy. Future research should focus on integrating multi-omics approaches enhance patient stratification improve outcomes.

Language: Английский

Exosomes in Precision Oncology and Beyond: From Bench to Bedside in Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 940 - 940

Published: March 10, 2025

Exosomes have emerged as pivotal players in precision oncology, offering innovative solutions to longstanding challenges such metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and immune evasion. These nanoscale extracellular vesicles facilitate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules that mirror the biological state of their parent cells, positioning them transformative tools for cancer diagnostics therapeutics. Recent advancements exosome engineering, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analytics, isolation technologies are breaking barriers scalability, reproducibility, clinical application. Bioengineered exosomes being leveraged CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, while AI models enhancing biomarker discovery liquid biopsy accuracy. Despite these advancements, key obstacles heterogeneity populations lack standardized protocols persist. This review synthesizes pioneering research on biology, molecular translation, emphasizing dual roles both mediators tumor progression intervention. It also explores emerging areas, including microbiome–exosome interactions integration machine learning exosome-based medicine. By bridging innovation with translational strategies, this work charts a forward-looking path integrating into next-generation care, setting it apart comprehensive guide overcoming technological hurdles rapidly evolving field.

Language: Английский

Recent progress in exosomal non-coding RNAs research related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 27, 2025

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by unknown etiology and limited therapeutic options. Recent studies implicate exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as crucial regulators in IPF. These ncRNAs, including long (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular (circRNAs), are involved cellular processes through various mechanisms of selective packaging, intercellular communication, signaling pathway integration. LncRNAs such LINC00470 PVT1 exhibit pro-fibrotic effects, while others like lnc-DC THRIL show inhibitory roles; some, UCA1 MALAT1, demonstrate bidirectional regulation. In miRNAs, agents (e.g., miR-486, miR-223) contrast with miRNAs miR-34a, miR-126), miR-21 miR-155 display dual functions. Similarly, circRNAs circ_0000479 circ_0026344 promote fibrosis, whereas circ_0000072 circ_0000410 act inhibitors, certain circ_002178 circ_0001246) exhibiting complex regulatory effects. Exosomal ncRNAs modulate key pathways, TGF-β Wnt/β-catenin, influencing IPF progression. Despite their potential, challenges remain exosome isolation, functional characterization clinical translation. Addressing these barriers innovative research strategies essential to leverage the management treatment This review comprehensively examines roles IPF, elucidates interactions, discusses future perspectives enhance understanding for this disease.

Language: Английский