Dietary Protein Levels in Isoenergetic Diets Affect the Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Retention of Nitrogen and Amino Acids of Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae

Insects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 240 - 240

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Black soldier fly, H. illucens larvae, efficiently convert low-value organic substrates into high-value products, offering solutions to global challenges in sustainable food production and biotechnology. This study investigated the impact of dietary protein levels (10%, 14%, 16%, 20% crude protein, CP) on BSFL growth, nutrient utilization, energy retention using isoenergetic diets (18.5 ± 0.3 MJ/kg dry matter) under commercial-scale conditions. Larvae were harvested after 8 days feeding, with 5 replicates per treatment. Optimal growth performance feed conversion ratios observed larvae fed 14% CP diet, a quadratic relationship between biomass gain (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.870). Ash calcium deposition peaked CP20-fed lowest CP14-fed larvae. Phosphorus glucosamine remained unaffected, while chitin correlated positively larval weight. Nitrogen amino acid highest but reduced 0.573–0.902). CP10-fed showed impaired nitrogen increased fat deposition. These findings establish CP14 diet as optimal formulation for scalable production, providing critical insights effects physiology enabling development efficient feeding strategies industrial-scale farming.

Language: Английский

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Chitin contents in different black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) life stages

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 855 - 864

Published: March 17, 2023

Black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens ) is a promising insect species for valorising organic side streams into biomass high in protein and lipid. However, BSF also contains chitin known to possess anti-nutritional properties hampering its applications food feed. Quantification of often disregarded studies that have quantified examined different life stages, from other affect the content. Additionally, these used quantification methods, whilst potential effects this on are unknown. To address knowledge gaps, current work macronutrient content, including chitin, all stages covering eggs flies. Six commonly applied methods were four direct (acid detergent fibre with/without amino acid correction, crude fibre, neutral fibre) two indirect (glucosamine determination by spectrophotometry (SP) ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)). Independent method, was present content generally increased throughout cycle. Large differences contents were, however, observed between methods. Direct determinations yielded higher than presumably due presence nutritional components residues resulting overestimations. The UPLC method appeared be best suited BSF, having accuracy precision gravimetrical better recovery compared SP samples. nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor (Kp), based sum anhydrous acids, ranged 3.35-4.11 being lowest larvae highest prepupae. In summary, study underlines both stage large impact Kp factor, which should taken account when comparing studies.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic performance and feed efficiency of black soldier fly larvae

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 30, 2024

The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens , is used in entomoremediation processes because its larvae can use a variety of organic residues with high efficiency. However, feed efficiencies are variable and characterized by uncertainties. Recently developed growth metabolic performance models have predicted across different studies that BSF 53%–58% the components they assimilated, terms carbon equivalents, for throughout their lifetime when reared on chicken feed. This termed average net remainder has been lost as CO 2 . mass balances made under similar conditions show weight gained corresponds to only 14%–48% substrates removed, indicating substrate conversion Both indicators even greater variability if more considered. Feed assimilation rates, costs growth, maintenance, larval lifespan shown affect how efficiently convert into growth. differences between further indicate often not optimally overall yield such determined alone but result interactions larvae, substrates, microbes, physical environment. purpose this study illustrate quantification help improve our understanding role processes.

Language: Английский

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Growth performance, proximate composition and fatty acid profile of black soldier fly larvae reared on two grape pomace varieties

animal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. 101240 - 101240

Published: July 6, 2024

The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is attracting increasing interest for its ability to convert low-value substrates into highly nutritious feed. This study aimed at evaluating grape pomace from two varieties (Becuet - B; Moscato M) as rearing larvae (BSFL), focusing on the related effects larval growth performance, proximate composition, and fatty acid profile. A total of six replicates per treatment, 1 000 BSFL replica, were used. Larval development was assessed by weight, which recorded eight times during trial: day after beginning trial, then days 5, 8, 13, 15, 20, 22, 27 (day in 30% reached prepupal stage). Production waste reduction efficiency parameters, namely rate, substrate index, calculated. analysed their composition profile; same analyses conducted (30 replica) that collected end trial 27). rate showed a higher value when reared B (4.4 3.2 mg/day M, respectively; P < 0.01). did not significantly affect BSFL. percentage lipids (TL) M-fed than ones. Total saturated (P 0.001) monounsaturated acids 0.05) BSFL, while an opposite trend observed branched-chain polyunsaturated 0.001). Interestingly, some conjugated linoleic (CLA) isomers [i.e., C18:2 c9t11(+t7c9+t8c10) t9t11] detected low amounts both (total CLA equal 0.085 0.16 g/100 g TL M substrate, respectively). Some (i.e., c9t11, t7c9, t10c12) also found reaching concentration 2.95 0.052 B-fed respectively. demonstrates winery by-products different can lipid biosynthesis potential opens newsworthy perspectives new valorisation produce full-fat meal oil enriched specific health-promoting interest.

Language: Английский

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A metanalysis to evaluate the effects of substrate sources on the nutritional performance of black soldier fly larvae: implications for sustainable poultry feed

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. 103299 - 103299

Published: Nov. 18, 2023

This meta-analysis presents an evaluation of substrate sources and their impact on the growth performance black soldier fly (BSF) larva. The database, compiled from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, focuses data concerning sources, environmental conditions, parameters BSF. Seven types substrates were analyzed, including Feed Waste, Manure, Fruits, Mix, Animal Source, Fermentation Residue, Food Waste. Waste group demonstrated highest DM content, while CP content was found in Source group. Higher larva meal Residues diets, respectively. survival rates observed BSF larvae fed Residues, Manure compared to Vegetable substrates. Fresh larval weight lower when used as a feed than pre-pupal Wet Weight surpassing those Substrate exhibited positive relationship with fresh weight, prepupal wet dry weight; length, mortality until prepupal, protein conversion, conversion ratio, food consumption, reduction rate bioconversion waste index, efficiency digested In conclusion, our findings underline that source composition are correlated nutritional meal.

Language: Английский

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Macronutrient-Based Predictive Modelling of Bioconversion Efficiency in Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Through Artificial Substrates

Insects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 77 - 77

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

This study explores the optimisation of rearing substrates for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). First, ideal dry matter content was determined, comparing standard 30% (DM) with hydrated to their maximum water holding capacity (WHC). Substrates at maximal WHC yielded significantly higher larval survival rates (p = 0.0006). Consequently, approach adopted further experiments. Using these artificial substrates, fractional factorial designs based on central composite and Box–Behnken were employed assess impact macronutrient composition bioconversion efficiency. The results demonstrated significant main, interaction, quadratic effects Validation real-life varied protein content, including indigestible feather meal, affirmed predictive model’s accuracy after accounting source digestibility. research underscores importance optimal hydration in enhancing BSFL growth

Language: Английский

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Expanding black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens; Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in the developing world: Use of BSF larvae as a biological tool to recycle various organic biowastes for alternative protein production in Nepal

Biotechnology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45, P. e00879 - e00879

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

The growing global demand for food, particularly animal protein, is intensifying challenges related to food security and environmental sustainability. increase in organic waste generation, coupled with inefficient management, further deteriorating living conditions by negatively impacting the environment public health, especially developing nations. This study investigated potential of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) recycle major daily fractions Nepal. BSFL were exposed seven different biowaste-based substrates locally sourced from fruit vegetable markets, farms, industries. Additionally, evaluated rapeseed cake as a supplement enhance growth nutritional content. survival rates exceeded 80 % on industry but dropped 63 high-moisture like waste. Mixed (14.7 mg/day) bakery (11.5 supported higher average weight gain, likely due their better nutrient values (soluble carbohydrates proteins). Although alone hindered larval growth, its supplementation biowastes improved survival, bioconversion rates, increased protein content up 32 %, reduced fat 36 %. These findings indicate can effectively diverse, available wastes countries Nepal, providing sustainable source domestic contributing feed security. As this first research needed elucidate chemical microbial safety reared develop technical solutions commercial production low-income economy.

Language: Английский

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A machine-learning approach to optimize nutritional properties and organic wastes recycling efficiency conversed by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)

Bioresource Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 132254 - 132254

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Upcycling nutrients from poultry slaughterhouse solid waste into value-added bioproducts using black soldier fly larvae cultivation

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 379, P. 124856 - 124856

Published: March 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Temperature-dependence of life history in an edible cricket: Implications for optimising mass-rearing

Current Research in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 100109 - 100109

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Optimisation of life history and organismal performance underlies success in insect mass-rearing. Rearing schedules, resource use production yield depend on many aspects fitness within across generations, such as growth, development, longevity, fecundity, which are all temperature dependent. Despite this general understanding, we often lack species-specific information needed to make informed decisions about manipulating rearing temperatures optimise growth development. Here, characterise the effects nymph adult development lifespan (20 - 38 °C), reproductive output (30 °C) a farmed cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus). Crickets grew larger reached adulthood sooner at higher developmental expense longevity. Reproductive was similar range but decreased °C. Therefore, while control is necessary maximise rates, unlikely affect fixed harvest cycle provided it maintained narrow enabling both fast stable reproduction (32 36 °C). Our study provides fundamental basis for further optimisation operations deeper understanding thermal biology commonly species.

Language: Английский

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