A critical review of 25 years of glomalin research: a better mechanical understanding and robust quantification techniques are required

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(4), P. 1572 - 1581

Published: Sept. 5, 2021

Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important contributors to both plant and soil health. Twenty‐five years ago, researchers discovered ‘glomalin’, a component potentially produced by AMF, which was unconventionally extracted from bound monoclonal antibody raised against Rhizophagus irregularis spores. ‘Glomalin’ can resist boiling, strong acids bases, protease treatment. Researchers proposed that ‘glomalin’ is 60 kDa heat shock protein while others suggested it mixture of organic materials not unique AMF. Despite disagreements on the nature has been consistently associated with long list health benefits, including aggregation, carbon storage enhancing growth under abiotic stress. The benefits attributed have caused much excitement in community; however, mechanism(s) for these yet be established. This review provides insights into current understanding identity quantification, ‘glomalin’. We invite community think more critically about how glomalin‐associated generated. suggest series experiments test hypotheses regarding benefits.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics, Their Extracellular Vesicles and Infectious Diseases

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 30, 2022

Probiotics have been shown to be effective against infectious diseases in clinical trials, with either intestinal or extraintestinal health benefits. Even though probiotic effects are strain-specific, some "widespread effects" include: pathogen inhibition, enhancement of barrier integrity and regulation immune responses. The mechanisms involved the benefits probiotics not completely understood, but these can mediated, at least part, by probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, date, there no trials examining EVs diseases. There is still a long way go bridge gap between basic research practice. This review attempts summarize current knowledge about released bacteria understand their possible role prevention and/or treatment A better understanding whereby package cargo process communication host cells (inter-kingdom communication), would allow further advances this field. In addition, we comment on potential use missing as therapeutic agents (postbiotics) Future needed open new avenues for encapsulation bioactives inside from GRAS (Generally Regarded Safe) bacteria. could scientific novelty applications functional foods pharmaceutical industries.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in antimicrobial nanoscale materials and self-assembling systems

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51(20), P. 8696 - 8755

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is directly responsible for more deaths per year than either HIV/AIDS or malaria and predicted to incur a cumulative societal financial burden of at least $100 trillion between 2014 2050.

Language: Английский

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Moonlighting Proteins at the Candidal Cell Surface

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 1046 - 1046

Published: July 14, 2020

The cell wall in Candida albicans is not only a tight protective envelope but also point of contact with the human host that provides dynamic response to constantly changing environment infection niches. Particularly important roles are attributed proteins exposed at fungal surface. These include stably and covalently bound or membrane those more loosely attached. Interestingly this regard, numerous attached belong class "moonlighting proteins" originally intracellular perform essentially different functions addition their primary housekeeping roles. demonstrate unpredicted interactions non-canonical partners an priori unexpected extracellular location, achieved via non-classical secretion routes. Acting both individually collectively, moonlighting contribute candidal virulence pathogenicity through involvement mechanisms critical for successful colonization infection, such as adhesion cells, plasma homeostatic proteolytic cascades, responses stress conditions molecular mimicry. documented knowledge these C. has utility assisting design new therapeutic, diagnostic preventive strategies against candidiasis.

Language: Английский

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Lactobacillus Cell Surface Proteins Involved in Interaction with Mucus and Extracellular Matrix Components

Current Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(12), P. 3831 - 3841

Published: Oct. 20, 2020

Abstract The gut microbiota is a complex microbial ecosystem where bacteria, through mutual interactions, cooperate in maintaining of wellbeing and health. Lactobacilli are among the most important constituents human animal intestinal include many probiotic strains. Their presence ensures protection from invasion pathogens, as well stimulation immune system flora, often exerted ability to interact with mucus extracellular matrix components. main factors responsible for mediating adhesion pathogens commensals cell surface proteins that recognize host targets, layer proteins. In last years, several adhesins have been reported be involved lactobacilli–host interaction miming same mechanism used by pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles produced by human and animal Staphylococcus aureus strains share a highly conserved core proteome

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 21, 2020

Staphylococcus aureus is an important opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals. It produces extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are involved in cellular communication enable inter-kingdom crosstalk, the delivery virulence factors modulation host immune response. The protein content EVs determines their biological functions. Clarifying which proteins selected, how, crucial value to understanding role pathogenesis development molecular systems. Here, we postulated S. share a common proteome containing components cargo sorting. EV proteomes five strains originating from human, bovine, ovine hosts were characterised. clustering reflected diversity producing strains. A total 253 identified, 119 composed core with functions bacterial survival, pathogenesis, putatively biology. We also identified features sequences corresponding genes could account for packaging into EVs. Our findings corroborate hypothesis selective sorting offer new perspectives concerning roles specific niches.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial protein secretion systems: Game of types

Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 168(5)

Published: May 10, 2022

Protein trafficking across the bacterial envelope is a process that contributes to organisation and integrity of cell. It foundation for establishing contact exchange between environment cytosol. helps cells communicate with one another, whether they establish symbiotic or competitive behaviours. instrumental pathogenesis bacteria subvert host immune response. Understanding formation conduits manifold strategies employed moving macromolecules these channels fascinating playground. The diversity nanomachines involved in this logically resulted an attempt classify them, which where protein secretion system types emerged. As our knowledge grew, so did number types, their rightful nomenclature started be questioned. While may seem semantic philosophical issue, it also reflects scientific rigour when comes assimilating findings into textbooks science history. Here I give overview on systems, history, why can misleading newcomers field. Note do not try suggest new nomenclature. Instead, explore reasons naming could have escaped control reiterate basic concepts underlie cross membranes.

Language: Английский

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LOX-1 acts as an N6-methyladenosine-regulated receptor for Helicobacter pylori by binding to the bacterial catalase

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Abstract The role of N 6 -methyladenosine (m A) modification host mRNA during bacterial infection is unclear. Here, we show that Helicobacter pylori upregulates m A methylases and increases levels in gastric epithelial cells. Reducing methylase activity via hemizygotic deletion methylase-encoding gene Mettl3 mice, or small interfering RNAs targeting methylases, enhances H. colonization. We identify LOX-1 as a key A-regulated target infection. destabilizes reduces protein levels. acts membrane receptor for catalase contributes to adhesion. Pharmacological inhibition LOX-1, genetic ablation Lox-1 , Moreover, the decreases adhesion human sections. Our results indicate protection against by downregulating thus reducing

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the secrets of probiotic adhesion: an overview of adhesion-associated cell surface components, adhesion mechanisms, and the effects of food composition

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 104945 - 104945

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Moonlighting Proteins in the Fuzzy Logic of Cellular Metabolism

Molecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 3440 - 3440

Published: July 29, 2020

The numerous interconnected biochemical pathways that make up the metabolism of a living cell comprise fuzzy logic system because its high level complexity and our inability to fully understand, predict, model many activities, how they interact, their regulation. Each contains thousands proteins with changing levels expression, activity, patterns interactions. Adding more layers is number have multiple functions. Moonlighting include wide variety where two or functions are performed by one polypeptide chain. In this article, we discuss examples variable contribute fuzziness cellular metabolism.

Language: Английский

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