Sepsis biomarkers and diagnostic tools with a focus on machine learning

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 104394 - 104394

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Sepsis Biomarkers: Advancements and Clinical Applications—A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(16), P. 9010 - 9010

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Sepsis is now defined as a life-threatening syndrome of organ dysfunction triggered by dysregulated host response to infection, posing significant challenges in critical care. The main objective this review evaluate the potential emerging biomarkers for early diagnosis and accurate prognosis sepsis management, which are pivotal enhancing patient outcomes. Despite advances supportive care, traditional like C-reactive protein procalcitonin have limitations, recent studies identified novel with increased sensitivity specificity, including circular RNAs, HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA, microRNA-486-5p, C, triiodothyronine, prokineticin 2. These hold promising detection prognostication sepsis. They play crucial role not only but also guiding antibiotic therapy evaluating treatment effectiveness. introduction point-of-care testing technologies has brought about paradigm shift biomarker application, enabling swift real-time evaluation. these advancements, persist, notably concerning variability lack standardized thresholds. This summarizes latest advancements research, spotlighting progress clinical implications. It emphasizes significance multi-biomarker strategies feasibility personalized medicine management. Further verification on large scale their integration into practice advocated maximize efficacy future treatment.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering sepsis: transforming diagnosis and treatment through systems immunology

Frontiers in Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Sepsis is an abnormal, life-threatening response to infection that leads (multi-)organ dysfunction and failure. It causes ~20% of deaths worldwide each year, most related severe COVID-19 share various molecular features with sepsis. Current treatment approaches (antimicrobials supportive care) do not address the complexity sepsis or its mechanistic heterogeneity between within patients over time. Systems immunology methods, including multiomics (notably RNA sequencing transcriptomics), machine learning, network biology analysis, have potential transform management paradigm toward precision approaches. Immune dysfunctions evident very early in drive development novel diagnostic gene expression signatures (e.g., cellular reprogramming) could inform therapy. can now be categorized into “endotypes” based on unique immune mechanisms corresponding varying severity mortality rates, raising prospect endotype-specific diagnostics patient-specific immune-directed Longitudinal within-patient analyses also reveal (including epigenetics) differential trajectories time, enabling disease stage-specific therapy during after hospitalization, for post-sepsis long COVID syndromes. Achieving this transformation will require addressing barriers systems research, cost resource-intensiveness, relatively low volume available data, lack suitable animal models; it a change mindset healthcare providers This should prioritized multistakeholder collaborations involving research communities, providers/systems, patients, governments reduce current high burden from mitigate against future pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Presymptomatic diagnosis of postoperative infection and sepsis using gene expression signatures

Intensive Care Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48(9), P. 1133 - 1143

Published: July 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Biomarker‐Guided Individualization of Antibiotic Therapy

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 110(2), P. 346 - 360

Published: Feb. 10, 2021

Treatment failure of antibiotic therapy due to insufficient efficacy or occurrence toxicity is a major clinical challenge, and expected become even more urgent with the global rise resistance. Strategies optimize treatment in individual patients are therefore crucial importance. Currently, therapeutic drug monitoring plays an important role optimizing exposure reduce toxicity. Biomarker-based strategies may be powerful tool further quantify monitor response, variation response between patients. Host biomarkers, such as CRP, procalcitonin, IL-6, presepsin, could potentially carry significant information utilized for individualization. To achieve this, complex interactions among immune system, pathogen, drug, biomarker need better understood characterized. The purpose this tutorial discuss use evidence currently available biomarker-based approaches inform treatment. end, we also included discussion on how data from preclinical, healthy volunteer, patient-based studies can characterized using pharmacometric system pharmacology based modeling approaches. As illustrative example used, describe case study which quantitatively characterize procalcitonin dynamics relation treatments sepsis.

Language: Английский

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The pathophysiology of sepsis — 2021 update: Part 2, organ dysfunction and assessment

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 79(6), P. 424 - 436

Published: Oct. 15, 2021

Abstract Purpose This is the second article in a 2-part series discussing pathophysiology of sepsis. Part 1 reviewed immunologic response and overlapping pathways inflammation coagulation that contribute to widespread organ dysfunction. In this (part 2), major systems their dysfunction sepsis are reviewed, with discussion scoring used identify patterns abnormal vital signs laboratory values associated Summary Sepsis dysregulated host infection produces significant morbidity, patients shock due have circulatory cellular metabolic abnormalities lead higher mortality. Cardiovascular vasodilation, reduced cardiac output hypotension/shock requiring fluids, vasopressors, advanced hemodynamic monitoring. Respiratory may require mechanical ventilation attention volume status. Renal frequent manifestation Hematologic low platelets either elevation or reduction leukocytes, so consideration neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio be useful. Procoagulant antifibrinolytic activity leads stimulated by inflammation. Hepatic manifest as elevated bilirubin often late finding cause reductions production essential proteins. Neurologic result from local endothelial injury systemic through vagus nerve. Conclusion Timely recognition team efficient use therapies can improve patient outcome, pharmacists complete understanding pathophysiologic mechanisms treatments valuable members team.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Rodent Experimental Models of Sepsis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9578 - 9578

Published: May 31, 2023

In the development of therapeutic strategies for human diseases, preclinical experimental models have a key role. However, immunomodulatory therapies developed using rodent sepsis were not successful in clinical trials. Sepsis is characterized by dysregulated inflammation and redox imbalance triggered infection. Human simulated methods that trigger or infection host animals, most often mice rats. It remains unknown whether characteristics species, used to induce sepsis, molecular processes focused upon need be revisited treatment will succeed Our goal this review provide survey existing including use humanized dirty mice, show how these reflect course sepsis. We discuss strengths limitations present recent advances subject area. maintain continue an irreplaceable role studies toward discovering

Language: Английский

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Navigating the Complexity of Scoring Systems in Sepsis Management: A Comprehensive Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of sepsis scoring systems, aiming to provide healthcare professionals and researchers with a nuanced understanding their role in contemporary management. Beginning succinct overview sepsis, emphasizes significance systems standardizing assessments guiding clinical decision-making. Through detailed analysis prominent such as SOFA, APACHE, qSOFA, delineates unique attributes, strengths, limitations. The implications for management patient outcomes are discussed, highlighting potential these tools enhance early detection intervention. concludes compelling call action, urging integrate into routine practice explore novel approaches. By synthesizing current knowledge addressing future directions, this serves valuable resource those seeking clarity guidance dynamic

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Peroxidase Activity in Peroxiredoxins: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Functions, and Biological Significance

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 4, 2024

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are members of the antioxidant enzymes necessary for every living object in three domains life and play critical roles controlling peroxide levels cells. This comprehensive literature review aims to elucidate peroxidase activity Prxs, examining their significance organisms across various taxa. Ironically, primary role Prxs is activity, which comprises reduction hydrogen other organic hydroperoxides decreases risk oxidative damage The above enzymatic occurs through reversible oxidation-reduction catalyzed by cysteine residues active site forming sulfenic acid intracellular reductants. Structurally functionally, function as dimers or decamers show different catalytic patterns according subfamilies cellular compartments. Compared mechanisms two subgroups including 2-Cys atypical 1-Cys have monomer-dimer switch folding coupled with activity. In addition widely known, becoming acknowledged be involved signaling processes, redox apoptosis. aversion stress regulation state places them at heart adaptive responses changes environment manifestations diseases. conclusion, based on data obtained furthering knowledge Prxs' structure function, these may classified a diverse yet essential family proteins that can effectively protect cells from adverse effects due indicates secondary interactions, summarized detoxification regulatory signaling, identifies applicability multiple biological pathways. Such valuable enhancing general comprehension functions disclosing further therapeutic approaches diseases caused increased production reactive oxygen species.

Language: Английский

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Introducing AVAC as an ultra-sensitive platform with broad dynamical range for high-throughput multiplexed biomarker detection using digital counting of plasmonic nanoparticles

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Accurate detection and quantification of biomarkers at ultra-low levels is critical for disease diagnosis effective treatment. Traditional technologies often lack the sensitivity, specificity, throughput, or multiplexing capacity required comprehensive diagnostics, providing only a subset these requirements. Here, we introduce AVAC, an automated optical technology rapid accurate biomarker with ultra-high sensitivity that significantly outperforms standard clinical assays. The core this digital counting plasmonic nanoparticles used as labels, enabling multiplexed, high-throughput biomarkers. Validation studies demonstrate AVAC's high accuracy, 98.2% specificity limits low 26 fg/mL HIV p24 protein range 160 to 850 pg/mL interleukin-6 (IL-6). supports multiplexed assays without compromising demonstrated by simultaneous three key associated cardiovascular disease. A spanning more than four orders magnitude ensures robust from concentrations, its ability analyze up 1,000 samples per hour provides throughput suitable large laboratories. With unique combination capabilities, versatile platform has significant potential advance biomarker-based diagnostics in research settings.

Language: Английский

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