Vaccine Target Discovery

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

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Revisiting the dimensions of universal vaccine with special focus on COVID-19: Efficacy versus methods of designing

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 277, P. 134012 - 134012

Published: July 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Immunity against conserved and non-conserved Spike epitopes after COVID-19 booster vaccination provides long-term protection against symptomatic Omicron infections

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

The objective of this study was to investigate the features immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a single cohort during 6–17 months following booster immunization with an mRNA-based vaccine. results illustrate influence humoral and cellular immunity on efficacy Notably, neutralizing antibody titers were found serve as reasonably reliable correlate prior immunization. However, predictive power largely lost after boosting. loss appears be due critical remodeling response Our findings support hypothesis that both conserved non-conserved epitopes viral Spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD) is crucial for optimal long-term Omicron infection. While may provide cross-variant protection, antibodies targeting RBD play pivotal role achieving maximum protection. These observations highlight repeated shaping landscape reinforce necessity considering components, alongside intended use considerations, when assessing vaccine developing future strategies.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive Analysis of the Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Epitopes: Unveiling Potential Targets for Vaccine Development

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 67 - 67

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a major global health threat. In this study, we performed comprehensive meta-analysis on the epitopes of SARS-CoV-2, revealing its immunological landscape. Furthermore, using Shannon entropy for sequence conservation analysis and structural network-based methods identified candidate that are highly conserved evolutionarily constrained in other zoonotic coronaviruses. Finally, population coverage T cell was analyzed. The results highlighted regions within each protein where activity antibodies, CD4+, CD8+ responses predominantly concentrated. Sequence-based correlation found recognized by B cells CD4+ showed positive with high viral variability, these variability were typically linked robust immune responses. Conversely, exhibited negative variability. From network degree perspective, no clear between antibody reactivity residue connectivity. However, significant observed By integrating analysis, pinpointed epitopes. utilized immunoinformatics assess coronaviruses Our uncovered key preventing infection clearance, emphasized areas interest broad-spectrum vaccine development, offered insights future research clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Can Operation Warp Speed Serve as a Model for Accelerating Innovations beyond COVID Vaccines?

Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 103 - 138

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The comprehensive insights into the B-cells-mediated immune response against COVID-19 infection amid the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 185, P. 117936 - 117936

Published: March 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infections in critical care unit dogs with high rates of multidrug-resistant organisms.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 339 - 347

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Urethral catheterization in the critical care unit often compromises urinary tract's defense mechanisms of canine patients and potentially leads to hospital-acquired systemic infection. Clinical signs catheter-associated tract infections (CAUTIs) are frequently absent dogs. This study aimed evaluate correlation between urinalysis results CAUTIs dogs assess impact prior antibiotic treatment for underlying diseases antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Twenty-eight underwent urethral Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Bacterial cultures drug sensitivity tests were performed immediately after catheter placement (day 0), 3, 7 before removal. A positive urine culture was defined as ≥104 CFU/ml. Urinalysis parameters included pH, specific gravity, proteinuria, bacteriuria, pyuria, hematuria. Only with culture-negative on day 0 included. Data analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 10.0.2. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis used probability being free from over time. No significant association observed parameters, duration, breed, sex, neutering status, or age. Dogs pretreated antibiotics exhibited CAUTI-free periods longer than previously reported. The showed that probabilities 92.8% at 3 days, declining 60.7% by days 53.6% 10 days. Alarmingly, 80% isolates (12/15) multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) resistant ≥3 antimicrobials. high incidence detected 13 28 cases (46.4%). stayed hospital without CAUTIs. routine is unreliable predicting rate MDRO among underscores urgent need judicious use enhanced diagnostic methods settings. proposes serial bacterial combined modified sediment examinations can better manage CAUTI detection reduce growth MDROs veterinary practice.

Language: Английский

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Genomic Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Córdoba, Argentina (2021–2022): Analysis of Uncommon and Prevalent Spike Mutations

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1877 - 1877

Published: Dec. 3, 2024

Understanding the evolutionary patterns and geographic spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly Omicron, is essential for effective public health responses. This study focused on genomic analysis Omicron variant in Cordoba, Argentina from 2021 to 2022. Phylogenetic revealed dominant presence BA.1 BA.2 lineages, with BA.5 emerging earlier than BA.4, aligning observations other regions. Haplotype network showed significant genetic divergence within samples, forming distinct clusters. In comparison global datasets, we identified mutations genomes (A27S, Y145D, L212I) situated NTD region Spike protein. These mutations, while not widespread globally, higher prevalence our region. Of particular interest were Y145D L212I substitutions, previously unreported Argentina. silico that both impact binding affinity T-cell epitopes HLA type I II alleles. Notably, these alleles are among most common Argentinian population, some associated protection against others susceptibility infection. findings strongly suggest prevalent likely influence immunogenicity protein contribute immune evasion mechanisms. provides valuable insights into dynamics highlights unique potential implications COVID-19 vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Safety and Immunogenicity of the Live Attenuated Vaccine QazCOVID-Live Against Coronavirus Infection COVID-19: Pre-Clinical Study Results

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1401 - 1401

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

The research conducted in this preclinical study assesses QazCovid-live, a live attenuated COVID-19 vaccine created Kazakhstan, by conducting evaluations of safety, immunogenicity, and allergenicity various animal models, including mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs. vaccine, developed attenuating SARS-CoV-2 via numerous Vero cell passages, had no significant adverse effects acute subacute toxicity assessments, even at elevated dosages. Allergenicity testing indicated the absence both immediate delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Immunogenicity revealed strong virus-neutralizing antibody responses, especially following intranasal intratracheal delivery. Studies on reversibility transmission further validated vaccine’s stability non-pathogenicity. data indicate that QazCovid-live is safe, immunogenic, prepared for clinical trials, presenting potential strategy prevention.

Language: Английский

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Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 30 - 30

Published: Dec. 31, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is in its sixth year and being maintained inability of current spike-alone-based vaccines to prevent transmission leading continuous emergence variants sub-variants concern (VOCs). This underscores critical need for next-generation broad-spectrum pan-Coronavirus (pan-CoV vaccine) break this cycle end pandemic. development a pan-CoV vaccine offering protection against wide array VOCs requires two key elements: (1) identifying protective antigens that are highly conserved between passed, current, future VOCs; (2) developing safe efficient antigen delivery system induction broad-based long-lasting B- T-cell immunity. review will present state platforms involving multifaceted approach, including bioinformatics, molecular structural biology, immunology, advanced computational methods; discuss challenges facing effective platforms; (3) highlight potential nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated lipid nanoparticles (LNP) as platform well suited needs vaccine, such ability induce immunity amenable large-scale manufacturing safely provide durable threats.

Language: Английский

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