Endoscopic Nasal Delivery of Engineered Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Exosomes Improves Angiogenesis and Neurological Deficits in Rats with Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 32, P. 101652 - 101652

Published: March 12, 2025

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a life-threatening condition due to its high mortality and limited treatment options. This study explores novel therapeutic strategy using engineered exosomes derived from endothelial progenitor cells (EPC-EXOs) improve ICH outcomes. EPC-EXOs were modified with CD47-enriched red blood cell membrane via co-extrusion enhance their anti-phagocytic properties, thereby reducing degradation by activated microglia after ICH. A minimally invasive endoscopic-guided delivery system was developed facilitate the targeted intranasal administration of these (m-Oe-EXOs), allowing direct entry into brain tissue. We confirmed m-Oe-EXOs' retention effective distribution in brain. Functional analysis demonstrated that significantly promoted proliferation, migration, angiogenesis microvascular (BMECs), proteomic identifying HSP90 as key protein activating Akt pathway BMECs. In vivo, m-Oe-EXOs efficacy improving blood-brain barrier integrity, hematoma volume, enhancing neurological recovery rats. Collectively, our findings highlight potential invasive, an innovative approach for treatment, providing new insights targeted, exosomes-based regenerative therapies.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future Directions

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 17, 2025

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS rank among the most challenging global health issues, marked by substantial obstacles in early diagnosis effective treatment. Current diagnostic techniques frequently demonstrate inadequate sensitivity specificity, whilst conventional treatment strategies encounter challenges related to restricted bioavailability insufficient blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Recently, exosomes—nanoscale vesicles packed with proteins, RNAs, lipids—have emerged as promising agents potential reshape therapeutic approaches these diseases. Unlike drug carriers, they naturally traverse BBB can deliver bioactive molecules affected neural cells. Their molecular cargo influence cell signaling, reduce neuroinflammation, potentially slow neurodegenerative progression. Moreover, exosomes serve non-invasive biomarkers, enabling precise while allowing real-time disease monitoring. Additionally, engineered exosomes, loaded molecules, enhance this capability targeting diseased neurons overcoming barriers. By offering enhanced reduced immunogenicity, an ability bypass physiological limitations, exosome-based present a transformative advantage over existing approaches. This review examines multifaceted role of NDDs, emphasizing their capabilities, intrinsic functions, advanced vehicles.

Language: Английский

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Blood-brain barrier repair: potential and challenges of stem cells and exosomes in stroke treatment

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: April 7, 2025

Stroke is characterized with high morbidity, mortality and disability all over the world, one of its core pathologies blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. BBB plays a crucial physiological role in protecting brain tissues maintaining homeostasis central nervous system (CNS). dysfunction serves as key factor development cerebral edema, inflammation, further neurological damage stroke patients. Currently, stem cells their derived exosomes have shown remarkable potential repairing damaged improving function after stroke. Stem repair integrity through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, angiogenesis regulation intercellular signaling mechanisms, while cell-derived exosomes, natural nanocarriers, enhance therapeutic effect by carrying active substances such proteins, RNAs miRNAs. This review will present latest research advances treatment, well challenges cell source, transplantation timing, dosage, route administration clinical application, aiming to discuss mechanisms for proposes future directions. are expected provide new strategies early diagnosis precise treatment stroke, promote breakthroughs field

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Approaches and Potential Mechanisms of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Treating Vascular Dementia

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 409 - 409

Published: March 11, 2025

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including exosomes as a subtype, with diameter typically less than 200 nm and originating from the endosomal system, are capable of transporting diverse array bioactive molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, thereby facilitating intercellular communication modulating cellular functions. Vascular dementia (VaD) represents form cognitive impairment attributed to cerebrovascular disease, characterized by complex multifaceted pathophysiological mechanism. Currently, therapeutic approach VaD predominantly emphasizes symptom management, no specific pharmacological treatment exists cure condition. Recent investigations have illuminated significant role sEVs in pathogenesis vascular dementia. This review seeks provide comprehensive analysis characteristics functions sEVs, particular focus on their involvement its underlying mechanisms. The objective is advance understanding interplays between dementia, offering novel insights for future research strategies.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Microglia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Resident Central Nervous System Cell Populations After Acute Brain Injury Under Various External Stimuli Conditions

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2025

Acute brain injuries (ABI) caused by various emergencies can lead to structural and functional damage tissue. Common causes include traumatic injury, cerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, heat stroke. Globally, ABI represent a significant portion of neurosurgical cases. Previous studies have emphasized the therapeutic potential stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recent research indicates that EVs extracted from resident cells in central nervous system (CNS) also show following injury. Microglia, as innate immune CNS, respond changes internal environment altering their phenotype secreting impact CNS cells, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, endothelial neural (NSCs), microglia themselves. Notably, under different external stimuli, either promote neuronal survival, angiogenesis, myelin regeneration while reducing glial scarring inflammation, or they exert opposite effects. This review summarizes evaluates current findings on how microglia-derived influence after stimuli. It analyzes interaction mechanisms between discusses future directions clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Signaling Mechanism of Budding, Proliferation, and Tissue Regeneration in Cnidaria

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47(4), P. 219 - 219

Published: March 24, 2025

Phylum Cnidaria occupies an early branching position in the evolution of eukaryotes, establishing both close and distant relationships with most other eukaryotic metazoans. Budding encompasses complete processes cell proliferation, differentiation, tissue regeneration, making it ideal model for exploring various aspects cellular function evolution. Additionally, budding serves as primary reproductive method increasing cnidarian population. This asexual phase is critical managing mitigating outbreaks. paper summarizes common factors influencing budding, signaling pathways involved their associated functions, methodologies employed relevant research, providing a theoretical foundation prevention control populations.

Language: Английский

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Reactive astrocyte-derived exosomes enhance intracranial lymphatic drainage in mice after intracranial hemorrhage

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: April 14, 2025

Language: Английский

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Nanobiotechnologies for stroke treatment

Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 21

Published: May 6, 2025

Stroke has brought about a poor quality of life for patients and substantial societal burden with high morbidity mortality. Thus, the efficient stroke treatment always been hot topic in research medicine. In past decades, nanobiotechnologies, including natural exosomes artificial nanomaterials, have focus attention due to their inherent advantages, such as facile blood - brain barrier traversal drug encapsulation efficiency. Recently, thanks rapid development more efforts made study therapeutic effects nanomaterials well relevant mechanisms treatment. Herein, from recent studies articles, application are summarized. And prospects clinical translation future also discussed further detail.

Language: Английский

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