Genetically Predicted Leucine Level Mediates Association Between CD4/CD8br T Lymphocytes and Insomnia

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Immune and metabolic factors play an important role in the onset development of insomnia. This study aimed to investigate causal relationship between insomnia immune cells metabolites. Data for 731 cell phenotypes, 1400 metabolites, this were obtained from GWAS open-access database. Two-way Mendelian randomization was used (1) detect (2) identify potential mediating analysis identified eight phenotypes with a insomnia, two protective namely CD8br %T CD80 on CD62L + myeloid dendritic cells. The other six risk i.e., CD4/CD8br, CD16-CD56 NKT, CCR2 cells, CD40 monocytes, CD38 CD3-CD19-, CD25 CD45RA CD4 not Treg. Further revealed 11 metabolites that causally related Five 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, cholate, dodecanedioate, N-formylmethionine, x-26054. Six 3-amino-2-piperidone, 6-oxopiperdine-2-carboxylate, caffeine theophylline ratio, leucine, maltose, x-24736. In addition, our showed leucine mediated association CD4/CD8br From genetic information, we confirmed eleven metabolite levels. Notably, found leucine-mediated providing evidence supporting plasma serving as mediators.

Language: Английский

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The Role of 8% Branched Amino Acids (BCAA) in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102 - 107

Published: March 31, 2025

Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by liver dysfunction, commonly seen in cirrhosis or acute failure. Objective: To address the safety and efficacy of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) solution patients with HE. Methods: This retrospective study was performed at Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital, CMH Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Data from fulfilling eligibility criteria during span February 2022 to August 2024 were analyzed. The inclusion adults aged 18-70 years, diagnosed cases liver, admitted BCCA group given 8% administered through intravenous (IV) transfusion. Patients receiving any other treatments categorized as conventional treatment. Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES), serum ammonia levels, duration hospitalization, treatment-related adverse events, mortality documented. Results: 467 analyzed, median age 54.00 (48.00-63.00) 280 (60.0%) male. 315 (67.5%) received IV BCAA, while remaining 152 (32.5%) therapy. BCAA showed significant improvement PHES scores, (-2.1 ± 1.9 vs. -4.6 2.2, p=<0.001), reduction levels (45.3 8.1 56.2 10.8 µmol/L, p<0.001), mean hospitalization (8.9 3.7 10.1 4.5 days, p=0.002), (3.8% 9.2%, p<0.001). In group, 8 (2.2%) experienced mild gastrointestinal discomfort, 4 (1.3%) reported transient dizziness.Conclusions: Intravenous effectively enhances cognitive function, lowers ammonia, shortens reduces patients.

Language: Английский

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Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Inflammation Management in Endurance Sports: Molecular Mechanisms and Practical Implications

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1335 - 1335

Published: April 12, 2025

Endurance athletes frequently experience muscle damage and inflammation due to prolonged, high-intensity exercise, which can impair recovery hinder performance. This review examines the role of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in repair, modulation, immune regulation. BCAAs—particularly leucine isoleucine—activate key molecular pathways, including mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR) AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), promote synthesis enhance energy metabolism. They also attenuate inflammatory responses by modulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-κB), mitogen-activated (MAPK), Janus kinase/signal transducer activator transcription (JAK/STAT) reducing levels tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, BCAAs influence function via complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, autophagy, mitigate exercise-induced apoptosis. These effects result reduced soreness, lower biomarker (e.g., creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase), improved recovery. Practical considerations such as optimal dosage, timing, co-supplementation with carbohydrates, proteins, or omega-3s are addressed. While show promise a nutritional strategy for enhancing controlling endurance athletes, further research is needed refine personalized protocols clarify long-term effects.

Language: Английский

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Fast urine metabolomics for the assessment of Zopiclone effects on insomnia

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107745 - 107745

Published: May 1, 2025

Insomnia is a common symptom of many diseases and closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Zopiclone one several clinical hypnotics for treating insomnia. However, some patients are sensitive to this drug treatment, whereas others not, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, causing confusion making therapeutic regimens prolong course disease. In present work, we developed fast urine metabolomics' method evaluating sensitivity insomnia treatment. Firstly, extracted metabolome using methanol-water solutions different ratios. Secondly, extracts were either directly injected into LC-MS analysis or dried resuspended concentrations analysis. Then, total abundance chromatographic behaviors from extraction methods compared each other. The optimal mix 50 μl an equal volume methanol 150 water Finally, was applied metabolomics study evaluate effectiveness in results showed that there significant statistical differences levels acylcarnitines, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), 4-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, citrate, leucine, isoleucine, valine between insensitive groups treated Zopiclone. Furthermore, alterations GHB, valine, isoleucine correlated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, which may be potential biomarkers assessing guiding therapy adjustment.

Language: Английский

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Single cell protein production of co-culture Kodamaea ohmeri and Lactococcus lactis in corn straw hydrolysate

Bioresource Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 132649 - 132649

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Systematically Challenging Three Prevailing Notions About Entropy and Life

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

This article systematically challenges three notions prevailing in diverse disciplines: 1) Entropy is a measure of disorder; 2) life relies on negative entropy; 3) and many systems tend to become increasingly disordered due the second law thermodynamics, using original, fundamental, uncontroversial (OFU) nature entropy: entropy, whose unit joule/kelvin, physical concept analogous energy heat mathematically divided by relevant thermodynamic temperature. The challenge supported numerous compelling facts physics, chemistry, biology. challenge, if widely accepted, could facilitate eradication entrenched misleading effects these misconceptions disciplines research education complexity, disorder, order, evolution, life, thermodynamics.

Language: Английский

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Systematically Challenging Three Prevailing Notions About Entropy and Life

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

This article reveals the original, fundamental, and uncontroversial (OFU) nature of entropy: entropy, whose unit is joule/kelvin, a physical concept analogous to energy, being heat energy mathematically divided by relevant thermodynamic temperature. It systematically challenges three notions prevailing in diverse disciplines: (1) Entropy measure disorder; (2) life relies on negative entropy; (3) many systems tend become increasingly disordered due second law thermodynamics, which contradicted OFU entropy were based incorrect reasoning. The challenge supported numerous compelling facts physics, chemistry, biology, as well modern explanation thermodynamics given this aricle. challenge, if widely accepted, could facilitate eradication entrenched misleading effects these misconceptions disciplines research education complexity, disorder, order, evolution, life, thermodynamics.

Language: Английский

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Systematically Challenging Three Prevailing Notions About Entropy and Life

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

This article reveals the original, fundamental, and uncontroversial nature of entropy systematically challenges three notions prevailing in diverse disciplines: (1) Entropy is a measure disorder; (2) life relies on negative entropy; (3) many systems tend to become increasingly disordered due second law thermodynamics. The challenge supported by numerous compelling facts modern explanation challenge, if widely accepted, could facilitate eradication entrenched misleading effects misconceptions disciplines relevant research education complexity, entropy, disorder, order, evolution, life,

Language: Английский

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Systematically Challenging Three Prevailing Notions About Entropy and Life

Qeios, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

This article reveals the original, fundamental, and uncontroversial nature of entropy systematically challenges three notions prevailing in diverse disciplines: (1) is a measure disorder; (2) life relies on negative entropy; (3) many systems tend to become increasingly disordered due second law thermodynamics. The challenge supported by numerous compelling facts modern explanation challenge, if widely accepted, could facilitate eradication entrenched misleading effects misconceptions disciplines relevant research education complexity, entropy, disorder, order, evolution, life,

Language: Английский

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Genetically predicted leucine level mediates association between CD4/CD8br T lymphocytes and insomnia

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

Background Immune and metabolic factors play an important role in the onset development of insomnia. This study aimed to investigate causal relationship between insomnia immune cells metabolites. Methods Data for 731 cell phenotypes, 1,400 metabolites, this were obtained from GWAS open-access database. Two-way Mendelian randomization was used (1) detect insomnia, (2) identify potential mediating Results analysis identified eight phenotypes with a two protective namely CD8br %T CD80 on CD62L + myeloid dendritic cells. The other six risk i.e., CD4/CD8br, CD16-CD56 NKT, CCR2 cells, CD40 monocytes, CD38 CD3-CD19-, CD25 CD45RA CD4 not Treg. Further revealed 11 metabolites that causally related Five 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, cholate, dodecanedioate, N-formylmethionine, x-26054. Six 3-amino-2-piperidone, 6-oxopiperdine-2-carboxylate, caffeine theophylline ratio, leucine, maltose, x-24736. In addition, our showed leucine mediated association CD4/CD8br Conclusions From genetic information, we confirmed eleven metabolite levels. Notably, found leucine-mediated providing evidence supporting plasma serving as mediators.

Language: Английский

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