Polyphenols, Alkaloids, and Terpenoids Against Neurodegeneration: Evaluating the Neuroprotective Effects of Phytocompounds Through a Comprehensive Review of the Current Evidence

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 124 - 124

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a group of chronic, usually age-related, disorders characterized by progressive neuronal loss, deformation structure, or loss function, leading to substantially reduced quality life. They remain significant focus scientific and clinical interest due their increasing medical social importance. Most neurodegenerative present intracellular protein aggregation extracellular deposition (plaques), such as α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease amyloid beta (Aβ)/tau aggregates Alzheimer's. Conventional treatments for conditions incur high costs are related the development several adverse effects. In addition, many patients irresponsive them. For these reasons, there is growing tendency find new therapeutic approaches help patients. This review intends investigate some phytocompounds' effects on diseases. These generally increased oxidative stress inflammation, so phytocompounds can prevent treat To achieve our aim provide critical assessment current literature about phytochemicals targeting neurodegeneration, we reviewed reputable databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, COCHRANE, seeking trials that utilized against conditions. A few investigated humans, after screening, 13 were ultimately included following PRISMA guidelines. compounds include polyphenols (flavonoids luteolin quercetin, phenolic acids rosmarinic acid, ferulic caffeic other like resveratrol), alkaloids (such berberine, huperzine A, caffeine), terpenoids ginkgolides limonene). The gathered evidence underscores caffeine, ginkgolides, primarily anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, counteracting neuroinflammation, oxidation, synaptic dysfunctions, which crucial aspects intervention various conditions, Alzheimer's dementias, depression, neuropsychiatric disorders. summary, they show use improvements cognition, memory, disinhibition, irritability/lability, aberrant behavior, hallucinations, mood

Language: Английский

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Advances in the Study of Necroptosis in Vascular Dementia: Focus on Blood–Brain Barrier and Neuroinflammation

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Vascular dementia (VaD) includes a group of brain disorders that are characterized by cerebrovascular pathology.Neuroinflammation, disruption the blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, white matter lesions, and neuronal loss all significant pathological manifestations VaD play key role in disease progression. Necroptosis, also known asprogrammed necrosis, is mode programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis closely associated with ischemic injury neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have shown necroptosis exacerbates BBB destruction, activates neuroinflammation, promotes loss, severely affects prognosis. Results Conclusions In this review, we outline roles its molecular mechanisms process VaD, particular focus on modulating neuroinflammation exacerbating permeability elaborate regulatory centrally involved cells mediated tumor necrosis factor‐α VaD. We analyze possibility specific strategy targeting would help inhibit destruction With necroptosis, study delved into impact changes prognosis to provide new treatment ideas.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammatory response after subarachnoid hemorrhage: A review of possible treatment targets

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108843 - 108843

Published: March 1, 2025

A serious neurosurgical emergency, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized by vascular and neuropathy, as well complex pathological mechanisms like lesions, inflammatory responses, nerve cell damage. The response an essential aspect of SAH's pathophysiology, causing the release a number mediators oxidative stress products TNF-α, MCP-1, MMPs, so on, which either directly or indirectly contribute to development SAH.It has recently been discovered that some antibodies against mediators, antioxidant stress, botanicals, traditional Chinese medicine decrease SAH. Additionally, certain biomarkers linked inflammation may serve foundation for clinical diagnosis.Although these are still not completely understood, we can explore potential therapeutic targets studying role responses bioactive molecules in formation

Language: Английский

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The current approaches to modeling the brain ischemia–reperfusion and inflammation: from animal models toward vascularized and neuroimmune cerebral organoids

Reviews in the Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 27, 2025

Abstract For several decades, the modeling of brain diseases in experimental animals has remained one key components studying pathogenesis central nervous system pathology and searching for new methods prevention therapy. In recent years, approaches to pathological conditions vitro have been active development; these will not only reduce number animal studies but also allow us take a step toward reproducing human-specific mechanisms pathology. this review, we characterize most common rodent models cerebral ischemia reperfusion, as well neuroinflammation inherent neurodegeneration (in particular, Parkinson’s disease), which are reproduced vivo . This review addresses engineering technical challenges prospects development , e.g., vascularized microglia-containing/neuroimmune organoids, may be useful overcoming shortcomings limitations current models.

Language: Английский

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