Flavonoids as Important Molecules of Plant Interactions with the Environment

Molecules, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 16240 - 16265

Published: Oct. 10, 2014

Flavonoids are small molecular secondary metabolites synthesized by plants with various biological activities. Due to their physical and biochemical properties, they capable of participating in plants’ interactions other organisms (microorganisms, animals plants) reactions environmental stresses. The majority functions result from strong antioxidative properties. Although an increasing number studies focus on the application flavonoids medicine or food industry, relevance for themselves also deserves extensive investigations. This review summarizes current knowledge physiology relations environment.

Language: Английский

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Biological Activities of Essential Oils: From Plant Chemoecology to Traditional Healing Systems

Molecules, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 70 - 70

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Essential oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives arising from two different isoprenoid pathways. produced by glandular trichomes other secretory structures, specialized tissues mainly diffused onto the surface plant organs, particularly flowers leaves, thus exerting a pivotal ecological role in plant. In addition, essential have been used, since ancient times, many traditional healing systems all over world, because biological activities. Many preclinical studies documented antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory anticancer activities number cell animal models, also elucidating mechanism action pharmacological targets, though paucity human limits potential as effective safe phytotherapeutic agents. More well-designed clinical trials needed order to ascertain real efficacy safety these products.

Language: Английский

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Laccase Properties, Physiological Functions, and Evolution

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 966 - 966

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Discovered in 1883, laccase is one of the first enzymes ever described. Now, after almost 140 years research, it seems that this copper-containing protein with a number unique catalytic properties widely distributed across all kingdoms life. Laccase belongs to superfamily multicopper oxidases (MCOs)—a group comprising many proteins different substrate specificities and diverse biological functions. The presence cupredoxin-like domains allows MCOs reduce oxygen water without producing harmful byproducts. This review describes structural characteristics plausible evolution taxonomic groups. remarkable abilities broad specificity laccases are described relation other MCOs. Through an exhaustive analysis roles taxa, we find enzyme evolved serve important, common, protective function living systems.

Language: Английский

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Advances in controlled release pesticide formulations: Prospects to safer integrated pest management and sustainable agriculture

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 385, P. 121525 - 121525

Published: Nov. 2, 2019

Language: Английский

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Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 2690 - 2690

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead synthesis accumulation of PSMs. The biosynthesis these is regulated by the interplay molecules comprising phytohormones. volatile released upon attack capable directly inducing or priming hormonal pathways. Secondary enable quickly detect attacks respond a timely way rapidly changing scenario pest environment. Several studies suggested that potential for adaptation and/or resistance insect herbivores limited. These cause direct toxicity pests, stimulate antixenosis mechanisms herbivores, and, recruiting natural enemies, indirectly protect plants. Herbivores adapt up/down regulation sensory genes, sequestration detoxification toxic metabolites. PSMs modulate multi-trophic interactions involving host plants, enemies pollinators. Although role plant-pollinator has been little explored, reports suggest both pollinators mutually benefited. Molecular insights into regulatory proteins genes involved will pave metabolic engineering biosynthetic pathway intermediates improving plant tolerance This review throws light on modulating interactions, contributing knowledge plant-herbivore their management an eco-friendly sustainable manner.

Language: Английский

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Disease Resistance Mechanisms in Plants

Genes, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 339 - 339

Published: July 4, 2018

Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens. Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling pathways driving the expression of response genes. Plant immune systems rely on their ability recognize enemy molecules, carry out signal transduction, respond defensively through involving many genes products. Pathogens actively attempt evade interfere with pathways, selecting for decentralized, multicomponent system. Recent advances in molecular techniques greatly expanded our understanding immunity, largely driven by potential application agricultural systems. Here, we review major components, state art knowledge, future direction research plant–pathogen interactions. In review, will discuss how decentralization provided both increased evolutionary opportunity pathogen resistance, as well additional mechanisms inhibition such responses. We conclude that rapid bioinformatics biology are an explosion information advance production illustrate interactions evolve.

Language: Английский

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Plant Defense against Herbivorous Pests: Exploiting Resistance and Tolerance Traits for Sustainable Crop Protection

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: July 28, 2016

Interactions between plants and insect herbivores are important determinants of plant productivity in managed natural vegetation. In response to attack, have evolved a range defenses reduce the threat injury loss productivity. Crop losses from damage caused by arthropod pests can exceed 15% annually. domestication selection for improved yield quality alter defensive capability crop, increasing reliance on artificial crop protection. Sustainable agriculture, however, depends reduced chemical inputs. There is an urgent need, therefore, identify traits improvement. Plant defense be divided into resistance tolerance strategies. that confer herbivore typically prevent or through expression deter settling, attaching surfaces, feeding reproducing, palatability. herbivory involves limit negative impact yield. Identifying expressed damage, understanding underlying mechanisms, crucial scientists exploit breeding. this review, we assess mechanisms underpinning tolerance, conclude physical traits, vigor herbivore-induced volatiles show considerable utility pest control, along with mixed species crops. We highlight emerging approaches accelerating identification facilitating their deployment improve future sustainability

Language: Английский

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Elicitor and Receptor Molecules: Orchestrators of Plant Defense and Immunity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 963 - 963

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated (MAMPs), herbivore-associated (HAMPs), and damage-associated (DAMPs) are molecules produced by microorganisms insects in the event of infection, microbial priming, insect predation. These then recognized receptor on or within plant, which activates defense signaling pathways, resulting plant’s ability to overcome pathogenic invasion, induce systemic resistance, protect against predation damage. small motifs conserved all organisms. Fungi, bacteria, have their own specific that defenses plants. Most either present as part pathogen’s structure exudates (in bacteria fungi), saliva honeydew. Since biotic stresses such pathogens can impair crop yield production, understanding interaction between these organisms host via elicitor–receptor is essential equip us with knowledge necessary design durable resistance In addition, it also important look into role played beneficial microbes synthetic elicitors activating plants’ protection disease This review addresses receptors, elicitors, receptor–elicitor interactions where components fungi, will be elaborated, giving special emphasis molecules, responses, mechanisms at play, variations applicable, applications prospects.

Language: Английский

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Ozone affects plant, insect, and soil microbial communities: A threat to terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(33)

Published: Aug. 12, 2020

Elevated levels of ground-level ozone threaten terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Biosynthesis and metabolic actions of simple phenolic acids in plants

Phytochemistry Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 865 - 906

Published: June 7, 2020

Language: Английский

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