REVIEWING ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING AND TARGETING THE MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA PROGRESSION AND THERAPEUTICS

Agrobiological Records, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15, P. 103 - 116

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe and increasingly prevalent health issue affecting individuals globally. Recent research endeavors in the clinical domains have lately focused more on MAPK signaling pathway HCC. Activating mutations RAS RAF genes, which greatly activate malignancies, are rare HCC patients, yet over 50% of them activated pathway. This suggests that other factors may be responsible for activation important to carcinogenesis, it often altered human cancers. The drug resistance targeted therapy against RTKs arise from downstream components (RAS, RAF, MEK, ERK), resistant within RTKs, additional alternative pathways like PI3K YAP also develop resistance. Epigenetic processes chromatin remodeling crucial pharmacological tolerance regulation. review will focus latest developments our knowledge cellular molecular pathway, as well possible treatment approaches specifically target this relation study investigates efficacy molecular-targeted treatments, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors immunological checkpoint highlights use combination

Language: Английский

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Beyond the Border of Advanced Stage Therapy

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 2034 - 2034

Published: May 27, 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the deadliest emergent health issue around globe. The stronger oncogenic effect, proteins, and weakened immune response are precisely linked with a significant prospect of developing HCC. Several conventional systemic therapies, antiangiogenic therapy, immunotherapy techniques have significantly improved outcomes for early-, intermediate-, advanced-stage HCC patients, giving new hope effective management prolonged survival rates. Innovative therapeutic approaches beyond treatments altered landscape managing HCC, particularly focusing on targeted therapies immunotherapies. advancement in treatment suggested by Food Drug Administration multidimensional options, including multikinase inhibitors (sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, ramucirumab, cabozantinib) checkpoint (atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, durvalumab, tremelimumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab), monotherapy combination therapy to increase life expectancy patients. This review highlights efficacy through analysis phase II, III clinical trials, targeting key molecular pathways involved cellular signaling prospective advanced unresectable discusses upcoming combinations inhibitors-tyrosine kinase inhibitors-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. Finally, hidden challenges pharmacological feasible solutions future, implications possible presumptions develop drugs reported.

Language: Английский