Cytokines and Madness: A Unifying Hypothesis of Schizophrenia Involving Interleukin-22 DOI Open Access
Adonis Sfera, Kyle Thomas,

Jacob Anton

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(22), P. 12110 - 12110

Published: Nov. 11, 2024

Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric illness of uncertain etiopathogenesis in which antipsychotic drugs can attenuate the symptoms, but patients rarely return to premorbid level functioning. In fact, with each relapse, people living schizophrenia progress toward disability and cognitive impairment. Moreover, our desire live normal lives, manage their daily affairs independently, date, get married, raise support family. Those us who work know that these objectives are met despite novel allegedly improved dopamine blockers. We hypothesize poor outcomes reflect gray matter volume reduction, continues treatment. further increased gut barrier permeability, due dysfunctional aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), downregulates protectors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-22 (IL-22), facilitating microbial translocation into systemic circulation, eventually reaching brain. Recombinant human IL-22 could ameliorate outcome by limiting bacterial initiating tissue repair. This short review examines signal transducer transcription-three (STAT3)/AhR axis downregulation BDNF subsequent increase permeability. Based on hypothesis presented here, we discuss alternative interventions, including AhR antagonists, mitochondrial transplant, membrane lipid replacement, recombinant IL-22.

Language: Английский

Traumatic Brain Injury from a Peripheral Axis Perspective: uncovering the roles of liver and adipose tissue in temperature regulation DOI Creative Commons
Fernando Gómez‐Pinilla,

Sydney. K. Myers

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 247, P. 102733 - 102733

Published: March 1, 2025

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Most current treatments for TBI other neurological disorders focus on the brain, often overlooking significant contributions peripheral organs to disease progression. Emerging evidence suggests that such as liver adipose tissue play crucial roles in pathogenesis. The synthesizes lipids proteins vital function, while provides hormones metabolites influence activity. New research indicates work concert with hypothalamus regulate essential processes, body temperature, which become disrupted TBI. Additionally, brain-peripheral axis-a complex network visceral nerve pathways, hormones, metabolites-plays bidirectional role regulating plasticity function. Understanding how leads dysregulation liver, tissue, could unlock new therapeutic opportunities treating related disorders. intricate autonomic involving hypothalamic enteric neurons, along pathways presents both pathological targets potential. We examine scientific suggesting correcting disturbances systemic physiology enhance brain's capacity healing. However, interdependence this implies dysfunction one area may affect others. Therefore, we also explore mechanisms by diet exercise can comprehensively impact axis, supporting healing process. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS: D-Fructose (PubChem CID 2723872); docosahexaenoic acid 45934466); eicosapentaenoic 5282847).

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment: Harnessing the Power of the Immune System DOI
Alok Kumar, Kanchan Singh, Kartik Kumar

et al.

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107 - 112

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by leveraging the body's immune system to fight against cells. This article provides an overview of immunotherapy, focusing on its different modalities, mechanisms action, clinical applications, and management immune-related adverse events. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 CTLA-4 are prominent modalities that enhance response blocking regulatory proteins. Additionally, CAR-T therapy genetically modifies a patient's T cells target specific proteins cells, leading precise cell elimination. demonstrated remarkable success in certain malignancies offers new hope for patients battling cancer.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Advancing Therapeutics with Liposomal Drug Design: Harnessing the Potential of Liposomes for Targeted Drug Delivery DOI
Rupali Singh,

Sachi Sharma,

Sonia Awatar

et al.

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 119 - 124

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Liposomal drug design has emerged as a promising approach for targeted delivery. This article provides an overview of the principles and strategies involved in liposomal design, focusing on optimizing stability, controlled release, enhanced therapeutic outcomes. The composition liposomes, including selection lipids, plays crucial role determining their properties. Size surface modifications liposomes enable delivery to specific tissues or cells. Liposomes offer versatility encapsulation release kinetics, improving efficacy while minimizing side effects. Incorporating targeting ligands onto liposome surfaces enhances affinity diseased sites, allowing selective accumulation. Stability manufacturing considerations are vital successful translation systems. Overall, holds significant potential revolutionizing improved treatment

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The effect of nerve cells on the intestinal barrier function and the influence of human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) on the intestinal neuro-epithelial crosstalk DOI Creative Commons
Xiaochen Chen, Naschla Gasaly, Xin Tang

et al.

Current Research in Food Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 100851 - 100851

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Cytokines and Madness: A Unifying Hypothesis of Schizophrenia Involving Interleukin-22 DOI Open Access
Adonis Sfera, Kyle Thomas,

Jacob Anton

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(22), P. 12110 - 12110

Published: Nov. 11, 2024

Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric illness of uncertain etiopathogenesis in which antipsychotic drugs can attenuate the symptoms, but patients rarely return to premorbid level functioning. In fact, with each relapse, people living schizophrenia progress toward disability and cognitive impairment. Moreover, our desire live normal lives, manage their daily affairs independently, date, get married, raise support family. Those us who work know that these objectives are met despite novel allegedly improved dopamine blockers. We hypothesize poor outcomes reflect gray matter volume reduction, continues treatment. further increased gut barrier permeability, due dysfunctional aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), downregulates protectors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-22 (IL-22), facilitating microbial translocation into systemic circulation, eventually reaching brain. Recombinant human IL-22 could ameliorate outcome by limiting bacterial initiating tissue repair. This short review examines signal transducer transcription-three (STAT3)/AhR axis downregulation BDNF subsequent increase permeability. Based on hypothesis presented here, we discuss alternative interventions, including AhR antagonists, mitochondrial transplant, membrane lipid replacement, recombinant IL-22.

Language: Английский

Citations

0