Near‐Automated Estimate of City Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Applied to South and Southeast Asia DOI Creative Commons
Gongda Lu, Eloïse A. Marais, K.G. Vohra

et al.

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 130(2)

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Abstract Cities in South and Southeast Asia are developing rapidly without routine, up‐to‐date knowledge of air pollutant precursor emissions. This data deficit can potentially be addressed for nitrogen oxides (NO x ) by deriving city NO emissions from satellite observations dioxide 2 sampled under windy conditions. plumes isolated cities aligned along a consistent wind‐rotated direction best‐fit Gaussian is applied to estimate approach currently relies on non‐standardized choice upwind, downwind, across‐wind distances the center, resulting fits that often fail or yield non‐physical parameters. Here, we propose an automated defines many combinations yielding 54 distinct sampling boxes test with TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) over 19 Asia. Our efficient, uses open‐source software, adaptable cities, standardizes eliminates sensitivity box choice, increases success 40% 60% one 100% (all cities) 54, yields current manual approach. We annual range 15 ± 5 mol s −1 Bangalore (India) 125 41 Dhaka (Bangladesh). With enhanced top‐down emissions, find support comparison past studies inventory estimates may biased, as method does not adequately account spatial seasonal variability photochemistry. Further methodological development needed accuracy use derive sub‐annual

Language: Английский

Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem DOI
K.G. Vohra,

Alina Vodonos,

Joel Schwartz

et al.

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 110754 - 110754

Published: Feb. 9, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

643
Trends in urban air pollution over the last two decades: A global perspective DOI
Pierre Sicard, Evgenios Agathokleous, Susan C. Anenberg

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 858, P. 160064 - 160064

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

252
Global fine-scale changes in ambient NO2 during COVID-19 lockdowns DOI Creative Commons
Matthew Cooper, Randall V. Martin, Melanie S. Hammer

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 601(7893), P. 380 - 387

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Abstract Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is an important contributor to air pollution and can adversely affect human health 1–9 . A decrease in NO concentrations has been reported as a result of lockdown measures reduce the spread COVID-19 10–20 Questions remain, however, regarding relationship satellite-derived atmospheric column data with health-relevant ambient ground-level concentrations, representativeness limited ground-based monitoring for global assessment. Here we derive spatially resolved, from densities observed by TROPOMI satellite instrument at sufficiently fine resolution (approximately one kilometre) allow assessment individual cities during lockdowns 2020 compared 2019. We apply these estimates quantify changes more than 200 cities, including 65 without available ground monitoring, largely lower-income regions. Mean country-level population-weighted are 29% ± 3% lower countries strict conditions those without. Relative long-term trends, decreases exceed recent Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)-derived year-to-year emission controls, comparable 15 4 years reductions globally. Our case studies indicate that sensitivity varies country emissions sector, demonstrating critical need resolved observational information provided surface concentration estimates.

Language: Английский

Citations

216
Urbanization Impact on Regional Climate and Extreme Weather: Current Understanding, Uncertainties, and Future Research Directions DOI Creative Commons
Yun Qian, TC Chakraborty, Jianfeng Li

et al.

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 819 - 860

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Urban environments lie at the confluence of social, cultural, and economic activities have unique biophysical characteristics due to continued infrastructure development that generally replaces natural landscapes with built-up structures. The vast majority studies on urban perturbation local weather climate been centered heat island (UHI) effect, referring higher temperature in cities compared their surroundings. Besides UHI effect waves, urbanization also impacts atmospheric moisture, wind, boundary layer structure, cloud formation, dispersion air pollutants, precipitation, storms. In this review article, we first introduce datasets methods used studying areas through both observation modeling then summarize scientific insights impact various aspects regional extreme based more than 500 studies. We highlight major research gaps challenges our understanding provide perspective recommendations for future priorities directions.城市环境位于社会、文化和经济活动的结合点,城市下垫面具有独特的生物物理特征。在城市化过程中持续的基础设施建设导致自然景观被建筑物替代。在过去很长时间,绝大部分城市影响天气气候的研究和城市热岛效应(城市及上空温度高于周边地区)有关。除了城市热岛效应,城市化也影响大气湿度、风、边界层结构、云的形成、污染物扩散、降水和暴雨。在这篇综述文章中,我们阅览了超过五百篇文献,从观测和模拟两个方面,首先介绍了用于城市化及影响研究的数据资料和方法,总结了城市化影响区域气候和极端天气的各个领域的科学要点。我们也例举了在理解城市化影响方面目前存在的主要问题和挑战,提出了相应的未来研究重点和方向。.

Language: Английский

Citations

215
Microwave-assisted synthesis of iron oxide homogeneously dispersed on reduced graphene oxide for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes DOI
Rajesh Kumar, Sally M. Youssry, Ednan Joanni

et al.

Journal of Energy Storage, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56, P. 105896 - 105896

Published: Oct. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

131
Rapid rise in premature mortality due to anthropogenic air pollution in fast-growing tropical cities from 2005 to 2018 DOI Creative Commons
K.G. Vohra, Eloïse A. Marais, William J. Bloss

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(14)

Published: April 8, 2022

Tropical cities are experiencing rapid growth but lack routine air pollution monitoring to develop prescient quality policies. Here, we conduct targeted sampling of recent (2000s 2010s) observations pollutants from space-based instruments over 46 fast-growing tropical cities. We quantify significant annual increases in nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) (1 14%), ammonia (2 12%), and reactive volatile organic compounds 11%) most cities, driven almost exclusively by emerging anthropogenic sources rather than traditional biomass burning. estimate urban population exposure 1 18% for fine particles (PM 2.5 23% NO 2005 2018 attribute 180,000 (95% confidence interval: −230,000 590,000) additional premature deaths (62% increase relative 2005) this exposure. These predicted reach populations up 80 million people 2100, so regulatory action targeting is urgently needed.

Language: Английский

Citations

81
Temporal dynamics and forecasting of aerosol optical depth in megacities Lahore and Karachi: Insights from the Indo-Gangetic Basin and southern Pakistan, and implications for Sustainable development DOI
Umra Waris, Salman Tariq

Atmospheric Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 102146 - 102146

Published: April 9, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Diagnosing air quality changes in the UK during the COVID-19 lockdown using TROPOMI and GEOS-Chem DOI Creative Commons
Daniel Potts, Eloïse A. Marais, Hartmut Boesch

et al.

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 054031 - 054031

Published: Jan. 21, 2021

Abstract The dramatic and sudden reduction in anthropogenic activity due to lockdown measures the UK response COVID-19 outbreak has resulted a concerted effort estimate local regional changes air quality, though underlying emissions remain uncertain. Here we combine satellite observations of tropospheric NO 2 from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem 3D chemical transport model that x declined nationwide by ∼20% during (23 March 31 May 2020). Regionally, these range 22% 23% western portion country 29% southeast Manchester, >40% London. We apply uniform 20% period emission GEOS-Chem over determine decline led national PM 2.5 1.1 μ g m −3 , ranging 0.6 Scotland southwest. cities (>40%) is greater than average causes an increase ozone ∼2 ppbv London Manchester. change concentrations reductions alone about half total 2019 2020. This emphasizes need account for other factors, particular meteorology, future pollution abatement strategies regulatory action.

Language: Английский

Citations

57
Local incomplete combustion emissions define the PM2.5 oxidative potential in Northern India DOI Creative Commons
Deepika Bhattu, S. N. Tripathi, Himadri Sekhar Bhowmik

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 25, 2024

The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) is a major driver PM-associated health effects. In India, the emission sources defining PM-OP, and their local/regional nature, are yet to be established. Here, address this gap we determine geographical origin, PM, its OP at five Indo-Gangetic Plain sites inside outside Delhi. Our findings reveal that although uniformly high PM concentrations recorded across entire region, local formation processes dominate pollution. Specifically, ammonium chloride, organic aerosols (OA) from traffic exhaust, residential heating, oxidation unsaturated vapors fossil fuels dominant Ammonium sulfate nitrate, secondary OA biomass burning vapors, produced Nevertheless, PM-OP overwhelmingly driven by incomplete combustion fuels, including traffic. These suggest addressing inefficient can effectively mitigate exposure in northern India.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Determining hotspots of gaseous criteria air pollutants in Delhi airshed and its association with stubble burning DOI Creative Commons

Nirwan Nirwan,

Asfa Siddiqui,

Hareef Baba Shaeb Kannemadugu

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Abstract Transboundary pollutant transport is considered as one of the primary factors causing seasonal air quality deterioration in Delhi, India’s capital. The highest standard deviations exceeding days winter for NO 2 (7.14–9.63%) and SO (4.04–7.42%) 2019–2022 underscore role meteorological conditions Delhi's pollution. In contrast, post-monsoon season shows exceedance (4.52–8.00%) CO due to stubble burning (SB) Punjab (68,902 fires/year). Despite government’s assertions decreasing SB events (14.68%), city’s persistently rose by 6.36%. CAMS data used assessing contribution hotspots through back-trajectory analysis at multiple heights. An overlap hotspot 111 sq. km area identified Southeast parts that have a higher levels Delhi during 2019. Similarly, are also observed over industrial areas pre-monsoon seasons. same seasons show similar contributing patterns highlighting influence consistent emission conditions. clear delineation using receptor model heights coupled with source apportionment studies will assist decision-makers addressing pollution sources outside Delhi.

Language: Английский

Citations

12