Parameterizations of US wildfire and prescribed fire emission ratios and emission factors based on FIREX-AQ aircraft measurements

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 929 - 956

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract. Extensive airborne measurements of non-methane organic gases (NMOGs), methane, nitrogen oxides, reduced species, and aerosol emissions from US wild prescribed fires were conducted during the 2019 NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Air Quality campaign (FIREX-AQ). Here, we report atmospheric enhancement ratios (ERs) inferred emission factors (EFs) for compounds measured board NASA DC-8 research aircraft nine wildfires one fire, which encompass a range vegetation types. We use photochemical proxies identify young smoke reduce effects chemical degradation our calculations. ERs EFs calculated FIREX-AQ observations agree within factor 2, with values reported previous laboratory field studies more than 80 % carbon- nitrogen-containing species. Wildfire are parameterized based correlations sum NMOGs reactive oxides (NOy) modified combustion efficiency (MCE) as well other signatures indicative flaming/smoldering combustion, including carbon monoxide (CO), dioxide (NO2), black aerosol. The primary NMOG correlates MCE an R2 0.68 slope −296 ± 51 g kg−1, consistent studies. mixing CO 0.98 137 4 ppbv per parts million by volume (ppmv) CO, demonstrating that can be estimated CO. Individual species correlate better NO2, NOy, More half NOy in fresh plumes is NO2 0.95 ratio 0.55 0.05 ppbv−1, highlighting fast photochemistry had already occurred sampled fire plumes. follows trends observed experiments increases exponentially MCE, due increased key at higher flaming combustion. These parameterizations will provide accurate boundary conditions modeling satellite plume chemistry evolution predict downwind formation secondary pollutants, ozone

Language: Английский

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Dark brown carbon from biomass burning contributes to significant global-scale positive forcing

One Earth, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101205 - 101205

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Emissions and Atmospheric Chemistry of Furanoids from Biomass Burning: Insights from Laboratory to Atmospheric Observations

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 857 - 899

Published: April 8, 2024

Furanoids are a class of reactive volatile organic compounds that major products from the pyrolysis and combustion biomass polymers, including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin. Biomass burning is an atmospheric source furanoids increasing in frequency intensity throughout regions world. Once emitted to atmosphere, may react with oxidants form secondary pollutants hazardous human health, ozone (O3) aerosol (SOA). This review comprehensive assessment literature between 1977 present describing emissions fate wild, prescribed, domestic fires. The organized by presenting physical properties key first, followed summary biopolymer reactions lead furanoid formation. Next, factors compiled across typical fuels consumed highlight species smoke. We next available kinetic degradation mechanism data characterize reaction rates, gas-phase products, SOA formed as result OH, NO3, O3, Cl radicals. then describe studies have focused on evaluating chemistry their impacts air quality using combination field observations model simulations. conclude perspective identifies future research directions would address gaps improve understanding processes.

Language: Английский

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Impacts on Urban VOCs and PM2.5 during a Wildfire Episode

Environments, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 63 - 63

Published: March 24, 2024

This study focuses on the impact of wildfire smoke emissions regional, urban air quality during a event. We measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in San Francisco Bay Area to assess event compared them those later non-wildfire period. VOCs were collected using thermal desorption tubes quantified desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). Elevated concentrations such as 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (0.33 ± 0.01 µg/m3), benzene (1.03 0.02 toluene (2.15 0.04 ethylbenzene (0.60 m, p-xylene (0.77 0.07 µg/m3) observed Compared with that season, concentration period was more than three times concentration. Similarly, almost four higher, p, m-xylene higher. The higher levels statistically significant for sec-butylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, o-xylene, styrene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p,m-xylene (p < 0.00001). These VOC non-fire may potentially pose public health concern. Open face passive sampler (OFPS)-collected PM analyzed scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) revealed carbon tar balls. highest daily average beta-attenuation-monitored PM2.5 fire 200 µg/m3 hourly 270 µg/m3. Monitoring gas phase species addition is useful season inform guidance.

Language: Английский

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Interannual variability of summertime formaldehyde (HCHO) vertical column density and its main drivers at northern high latitudes

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 6105 - 6121

Published: May 28, 2024

Abstract. The northern high latitudes (50–90° N, mostly including boreal-forest and tundra ecosystems) have been undergoing rapid climate ecological changes over recent decades, leading to significant variations in volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions from biogenic biomass burning sources. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an indicator of VOC emissions, but the interannual variability HCHO its main drivers region remains unclear. In this study, we use GEOS-Chem chemical transport model satellite retrievals Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) examine vertical column density (VCD) during summer seasons spanning 2005 2019. Our results show that, 2005–2019 summers, wildfires contributed 75 %–90 % VCD Siberia, Alaska Canada, while background methane oxidation account for ∼ 90 eastern Europe. We find that monthly solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), efficient proxy plant photosynthesis, shows a good linear relationship (R= 0.6–0.7) with modeled (dVCDBio,GC) Europe, indicating coupling between SIF four domains on scale. Alaska, Siberia dVCDBio,GC both relatively lower variabilities (SIF: CV = 1 %–9 %, dVCDBio,GC: %–2 %; note stands coefficient variation) comparison wildfire-induced (CV 8 %–13 %), suggesting OMI 10 %–16 %) these are likely driven by instead emissions.

Language: Английский

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Reactive Nitrogen Partitioning Enhances the Contribution of Canadian Wildfire Plumes to US Ozone Air Quality

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(15)

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Abstract Quantifying the variable impacts of wildfire smoke on ozone air quality is challenging. Here we use airborne measurements from 2018 Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen (WE‐CAN) to parameterize emissions reactive nitrogen (NO y ) wildfires into peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN; 37%), NO 3 − (27%), (36%) in a global chemistry‐climate model with 13 km spatial resolution over contiguous US. The partitioning, compared emitting all as NO, reduces bias near‐fire plumes sampled by aircraft enhances downwind 5–10 ppbv when Canadian travel Washington, Utah, Colorado, Texas. Using multi‐platform observations, identify smoke‐influenced days daily maximum 8‐hr average (MDA8) 70–88 Kennewick, Salt Lake City, Denver Dallas. On these days, enhanced MDA8 5–25 ppbv, through produced remotely during plume transport locally via interactions urban emissions.

Language: Английский

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Impact of the 2022 New Mexico, US wildfires on air quality and health

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 946, P. 174197 - 174197

Published: June 22, 2024

The 2022 wildfires in New Mexico, United States, were unparalleled compared to past the state both their scale and intensity, resulting poor air quality a catastrophic loss of habitat livelihood. Among all Mexico 2022, six selected for our study based on size burn area proximity populated areas. These fires accounted approximately 90 % total 2022. We used regional chemical transport model data-fusion technique quantify contribution these (April 6 August 22) particulate matter (PM2.5: diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) ozone (O3) concentrations, as well associated health impacts from short-term exposure. estimated that emitted 152 thousand tons PM2.5 287 volatile organic compounds atmosphere. average daily wildfire smoke across was 0.3 μg/m3, though 1 h maximum exceeded 120 μg/m3 near Santa Fe. Average 8-h O3 (MDA8-O3) 0.2 ppb during period over Mexico. However, 60 some locations Estimated all-cause excess mortality attributable short term exposure MDA8-O3 18 (95 Confidence Interval (CI), 15–21) 4 CI: 3–6) deaths. Additionally, we estimate responsible 171 %: 124–217) cases asthma emergency department visits. Our findings underscore impact human risks, which are anticipated intensify with global warming, even local anthropogenic emissions decline.

Language: Английский

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Global decadal measurements of methanol, ethene, ethyne, and HCN from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder

Atmospheric measurement techniques, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 695 - 716

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in modulating the atmosphere's oxidizing capacity and affect tropospheric ozone, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, aerosol formation. Space-based observations can provide powerful global information to advance our knowledge of these processes their changes over time. We present here development new retrievals for four key VOCs (methanol, ethene, ethyne, HCN) based on thermal infrared radiance from satellite-borne Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS). update Retrieval Organics CrIS Radiances (ROCR) algorithm developed previously isoprene explicitly account spectral signal dependence VOC vertical profile shape, we apply this updated retrieval (ROCRv2) derive column abundances targeted species across full Suomi NPP record (2012–2023). The data are well correlated with ground-based Network Detection Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) methanol (r = 0.77–0.84); HCN ethyne exhibit lower correlations 0.36–0.44 0.56–0.65, respectively) apparent 40 % CrIS–NDACC disparity ethyne. results reveal robust distributions target known biogenic, biomass burning, industrial source regions, they demonstrate impact anomalous events such as 2015–2016 El Niño. They also highlight importance accurate constraints when evaluating interpreting records. Initial comparisons predicted GEOS-Chem chemical transport model point large uncertainties current understanding atmospheric ethene budget underestimated HCN, sources.

Language: Английский

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Simulating the air quality impact of prescribed fires using graph neural network-based PM_2.5 forecasts

Environmental Data Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract The increasing size and severity of wildfires across the western United States have generated dangerous levels PM 2.5 concentrations in recent years. In a changing climate, expanding use prescribed fires is widely considered to be most robust fire mitigation strategy. However, reliably forecasting potential air quality impact from fires, which critical planning fires’ location time, at hourly daily time scales remains challenging problem. this paper, we introduce spatio-temporal graph neural network (GNN)-based model for predictions California. Utilizing two-step approach, our predict net ambient concentrations, are used estimate wildfire contributions. Integrating GNN-based with simulations historically propose novel framework forecast their impact. This determines that March optimal month implementing California quantifies trade-offs involved conducting more outside peak season.

Language: Английский

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Formation of late-generation atmospheric compounds inhibited by rapid deposition

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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