Effects of Wildfire Smoke on Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) and PM2.5 Composition in a United States Intermountain Western Valley and Estimation of Human Health Risk DOI Creative Commons
Damien Ketcherside, Dylan D. Miller,

Dalynn R. Kenerson

et al.

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 1172 - 1172

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

With a warmer and drier climate, there has been an increase in wildfire events the Northwest U.S., posing potential health risk to downwind communities. The Lewis–Clark Valley (LCV), small metropolitan area on Washington/Idaho border United States Intermountain West region, was studied over time period of 2017–2018. main objective determine community’s exposure particulate matter (PM2.5) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during smoke estimate associated risk. VOCs were analyzed previously LCV using sorbent tube sampling thermal-desorption gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) several local 2017–2018 fire seasons. PM2.5 measurements obtained from nearby agency monitors. reached up 200 µg/m3 2017 100 2018 LCV, observed be increasing at rate 0.10 µg m−3/yr past two decades. Benzene, carcinogen air toxic, measured with concentrations 11 µg/m3, ten times normal level some instances, LCV. benzene calculated seven extra cancers per million for lifetime thirteen considering all toxics measured. other cities monitored showed similar cancer risk, due about 6–7 million. This work is important, as it measures ground-level exposures demonstrates decreases quality region.

Language: Английский

Tropospheric aerosols over the western North Atlantic Ocean during the winter and summer deployments of ACTIVATE 2020: life cycle, transport, and distribution DOI Creative Commons
Hongyu Liu, Bo Zhang, Richard H. Moore

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2087 - 2121

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Abstract. The Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) is a NASA mission to characterize aerosol–cloud interactions over North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO). Such characterization requires understanding of life cycle, composition, transport pathways, and distribution aerosols WNAO. This study uses GEOS-Chem model simulate aerosol distributions properties that are evaluated against aircraft, ground-based, satellite observations during winter summer field deployments in 2020 ACTIVATE. Transport boundary layer (BL) behind cold fronts was major mechanism for American continental outflow pollution WNAO winter. Turbulent mixing main driver upward sea salt within ventilation out BL composition dominated by salt, which increased summer, followed organics sulfate. Aircraft situ measurements provided useful constraints on wet scavenging GEOS-Chem. generally captured observed features such as outflow, land–ocean gradient, anthropogenic with salt. Model sensitivity experiments elevated smoke injection heights mid-troposphere (versus BL) better reproduced from US wildfires summer. analysis suggests strong hygroscopic growth particles their seeding marine clouds (< 35° N). Future modeling efforts should focus improving parameterizations scavenging, implementing realistic heights, applying high-resolution models resolve vertical transport.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Chemical characterization of organic vapors from wood, straw, cow dung, and coal burning DOI Creative Commons
Tiantian Wang, Jun Zhang, Houssni Lamkaddam

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2707 - 2724

Published: March 3, 2025

Abstract. Solid fuel (SF) combustions, including coal and biomass, are important sources of pollutants in the particle gas phase therefore have significant implications for air quality, climate, human health. In this study, we systematically examined gas-phase emissions, using Vocus proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight (PTR-TOF) mass spectrometer, from a variety solid fuels, beech logs, spruce/pine branches needles, straw, cow dung, coal. The average emission factors (EFs) organic vapors ranged 4.8 to 74.2 g kg−1, depending on combustion phases types. Despite slight differences modified efficiency (MCE) some experiments, increasing EFs were observed with lower MCE. relative contribution different classes showed large similarities between logs stove burning, change observed. CxHyOz family is most abundant group vapor emitted all SF combustion. However, among these greater nitrogen-containing species CxHy families (related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) dung burning respectively. Intermediate-volatility compounds (IVOCs) constituted fraction emissions combustion, ranging 12.6 % 39.3 %. This was particularly notable needles (39.3 %) (31.1 %). Using Mann–Whitney U test studied identified specific potential new markers fuels based measurements. product pyrolysis coniferyl-type lignin extract cedar pine needle as open (e.g., C10H14O2, C11H14O2, C10H10O2). (C9H12O) marker log burning. Many series homologues C10H11–21NO, C12H11–21N, C11H11–23NO, C15H15–31N) acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, propanenitrile, methylpentanenitrile) specifically emissions. Polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 9–12 carbons significantly higher abundance compared other fuels. composition reflects burned types can help constrain regional models.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Investigation of Ozone Formation Chemistry during the Salt Lake Regional Smoke, Ozone, and Aerosol Study (SAMOZA) DOI Creative Commons
Matthew Ninneman, Seth Lyman, Lu Hu

et al.

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 2521 - 2534

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

Salt Lake City (SLC), UT, is an urban area where ozone (O3) concentrations frequently exceed health standards. This study uses observationally constrained photochemical box model to investigate the drivers of O3 production during Regional Smoke, Ozone, and Aerosol Study (SAMOZA), which took place from August September 2022 in SLC. During SAMOZA, a suite volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxides nitrogen (NOx), other parameters were measured at Utah Technical Center, high-NOx site core. We examined four high-O3 cases: 4 3, 11, 12 September, classified as nonsmoky weekday, weekend day with minimal smoke influence, smoky day, respectively. The modeled on 3 was highly sensitive VOCs insensitive NOx reductions ≤50%. Box results suggest that directly emitted formaldehyde contributed rapid increase morning September. Model sensitivity tests for 11–12 indicated smoke-emitted VOCs, especially aldehydes, had much larger impact than and/or anthropogenic VOCs. On 11 enhanced model-predicted maximum daily 8 h average by 21 13 parts per billion (ppb), Overall, our regionwide VOC least 30–50% or 60% are needed bring SLC into compliance national standard 70 ppb.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Effects of smoke on marine low clouds and radiation during 2020 western United States wildfires DOI

Lingyao Dong,

Minghuai Wang, Daniel Rosenfeld

et al.

Atmospheric Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 302, P. 107295 - 107295

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Evolution of Reactive Organic Compounds and Their Potential Health Risk in Wildfire Smoke DOI
Havala O. T. Pye, Lu Xu, Barron H. Henderson

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

Wildfires are an increasing source of emissions into the air, with health effects modulated by abundance and toxicity individual species. In this work, we estimate reactive organic compounds (ROC) in western U.S. wildland forest fire smoke using a combination observations from 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) field campaign predictions Community Multiscale (CMAQ) model. Standard emission inventory methods capture 40-45% estimated ROC mass emitted, estimates primary aerosol particularly low (5-8×). Downwind, gas-phase species abundances molar units reflect production fragmentation products such as formaldehyde methanol. Mass-based emphasize larger compounds, which tend be unidentified at level, less volatile, typically not measured gas phase. total 1250 ± 60 g·C per kg·C CO, implying much carbon is emitted CO. Particulate has potential dominate cancer noncancer risk long-term exposure inhaled smoke, better constraining these will require information particulate fires.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Assessing formic and acetic acid emissions and chemistry in western U.S. wildfire smoke: implications for atmospheric modeling DOI Creative Commons
Wade Permar,

Catherine Wielgasz,

Lixu Jin

et al.

Environmental Science Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(11), P. 1620 - 1641

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Rapid production of formic acid in biomass burning smoke is not captured by the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) nor simplified GEOS-Chem chemistry, likely due to missing secondary chemical production.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Source characterization of volatile organic compounds at Carlsbad Caverns National Park DOI Creative Commons
Da Pan, I. B. Pollack, B. C. Sive

et al.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73(12), P. 914 - 929

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Carlsbad Caverns National Park (CAVE), located in southeastern New Mexico, experiences elevated ground-level ozone (O3) exceeding the Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 70 ppbv. It is situated adjacent to Permian Basin, one largest oil and gas (O&G) producing regions US. In 2019, Study (CarCavAQS) was conducted examine impacts different sources on precursors, including nitrogen oxides (NOx) volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we use positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis speciated VOCs characterize VOC at CAVE during study. Seven factors were identified. Three composed largely alkanes aromatics with lifetimes attributed O&G development production activities. these typical those emitted by operations. Associated residence time analyses (RTA) indicated their contributions increased park periods transport from Basin. These contributor reactivity hydroxyl radicals (62%). Two PMF rich photochemically generated secondary VOCs; factor contained species shorter atmospheric longer lifetimes. RTA suggested emissions farther upwind, such as Eagle Ford Shale Barnett formations. The last two alkenes likely vehicles or other combustion Basin regional background VOCs, respectively.Implications: Standard. Volatile are critical precursors formation. Measurements identify activities major contributors compounds. Emissions contributed increases primary that enhanced local Observations indicate also transported shale formations basins upwind. Therefore, emission reductions important for mitigating O3 region.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Effects of Wildfire Smoke on Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) and PM2.5 Composition in a United States Intermountain Western Valley and Estimation of Human Health Risk DOI Creative Commons
Damien Ketcherside, Dylan D. Miller,

Dalynn R. Kenerson

et al.

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 1172 - 1172

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

With a warmer and drier climate, there has been an increase in wildfire events the Northwest U.S., posing potential health risk to downwind communities. The Lewis–Clark Valley (LCV), small metropolitan area on Washington/Idaho border United States Intermountain West region, was studied over time period of 2017–2018. main objective determine community’s exposure particulate matter (PM2.5) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during smoke estimate associated risk. VOCs were analyzed previously LCV using sorbent tube sampling thermal-desorption gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) several local 2017–2018 fire seasons. PM2.5 measurements obtained from nearby agency monitors. reached up 200 µg/m3 2017 100 2018 LCV, observed be increasing at rate 0.10 µg m−3/yr past two decades. Benzene, carcinogen air toxic, measured with concentrations 11 µg/m3, ten times normal level some instances, LCV. benzene calculated seven extra cancers per million for lifetime thirteen considering all toxics measured. other cities monitored showed similar cancer risk, due about 6–7 million. This work is important, as it measures ground-level exposures demonstrates decreases quality region.

Language: Английский

Citations

0