Physical science research needed to evaluate the viability and risks of marine cloud brightening
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(12)
Published: March 20, 2024
Marine
cloud
brightening
(MCB)
is
the
deliberate
injection
of
aerosol
particles
into
shallow
marine
clouds
to
increase
their
reflection
solar
radiation
and
reduce
amount
energy
absorbed
by
climate
system.
From
physical
science
perspective,
consensus
a
broad
international
group
scientists
that
viability
MCB
will
ultimately
depend
on
whether
observations
models
can
robustly
assess
scale-up
local-to-global
in
today's
identify
strategies
ensure
an
equitable
geographical
distribution
benefits
risks
associated
with
projected
regional
changes
temperature
precipitation.
To
address
knowledge
gaps
required
societal
implications
MCB,
we
propose
substantial
targeted
program
research-field
laboratory
experiments,
monitoring,
numerical
modeling
across
range
scales.
Language: Английский
Cloud water adjustments to aerosol perturbations are buffered by solar heating in non-precipitating marine stratocumuli
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(18), P. 10425 - 10440
Published: Sept. 19, 2024
Abstract.
Marine
low-level
clouds
are
key
to
the
Earth's
energy
budget
due
their
expansive
coverage
over
global
oceans
and
high
reflectance
of
incoming
solar
radiation.
Their
responses
anthropogenic
aerosol
perturbations
remain
largest
source
uncertainty
in
estimating
radiative
forcing
climate.
A
major
challenge
is
quantification
cloud
water
response
perturbations.
In
particular,
presence
feedbacks
through
microphysical,
dynamical,
thermodynamical
pathways
at
various
spatial
temporal
scales
could
augment
or
weaken
response.
Central
this
problem
evolution
adjustment,
governed
by
entangled
feedback
mechanisms.
We
apply
an
innovative
conditional
Monte
Carlo
subsampling
approach
a
large
ensemble
diurnal
large-eddy
simulation
non-precipitating
marine
stratocumulus
study
role
heating
governing
relationship
between
droplet
number
water.
find
persistent
negative
trend
night,
confirming
that
microphysically
enhanced
cloud-top
entrainment.
After
sunrise,
appears
buffered
converges
∼-0.2
late
afternoon.
This
buffering
effect
attributed
strong
dependence
cloud-layer
shortwave
absorption
on
liquid
path.
These
cycle
characteristics
further
demonstrate
tight
connection
brightening
potential
which
has
implications
for
impact
timing
advertent
Language: Английский
World Climate Research Programme lighthouse activity: an assessment of major research gaps in solar radiation modification research
Frontiers in Climate,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
7
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
It
is
increasingly
evident
that
maintaining
global
warming
at
levels
below
those
agreed
in
the
legally
binding
international
treaty
on
climate
change.
i.e.,
Paris
Agreement,
going
to
be
extremely
challenging
using
conventional
mitigation
techniques.
While
future
scenarios
of
change
frequently
include
extensive
use
terrestrial
and
marine
carbon
dioxide
removal
second
part
21st
century,
it
unproven
these
techniques
can
scaled-up
reach
scale
required
significantly
reduce
concentrations
atmospheric
significant
uncertainties
detrimental
side-effects
exist.
These
issues
have
led
increasing
interest
so-called
“Solar
Radiation
Modification”
whereby
mean
temperature
Earth
reduced
by
either
blocking
a
small
fraction
sunlight
from
reaching
or
Earth’s
albedo
reflect
proportion
incident
back
out
space.
Here
we
systematically
identify
key
research
gaps
associated
with
two
most
prominent
Solar
Modification
techniques,
Stratospheric
Aerosol
Injection
(SAI)
Marine
Cloud
Brightening
(MCB).
We
provide
an
assessment
other
less
SRM
assert
transparency
inclusivity
essential
providing
objective
impartial
findings
each
every
stakeholder
equitable
way.
Language: Английский
A review of plume dispersion and measurement techniques applicable to marine cloud brightening
Frontiers in Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Feb. 26, 2025
Rising
sea
surface
temperatures
are
causing
more
frequent
and
intense
coral
bleaching
events,
threatening
the
long-term
survival
of
reefs
globally.
Marine
Cloud
Brightening
(MCB)
is
a
proposed
intervention
that
could
be
applied
globally
or
regionally
to
cool
reduce
risk
severity
bleaching.
The
effectiveness
logistical
feasibility
this
technique
depends
on
what
fraction
salt
aerosols
incorporated
into
clouds
after
being
emitted
from
seawater
spraying
operation
at
ocean
surface.
Here,
we
review
literature
dispersion
MCB
point
source
within
marine
boundary
layer.
We
focus
our
consideration
processes,
mechanisms,
current
ability
predict
horizontal
vertical
evolution
plume
its
generation
level
downwind
mixing
cloud
height.
Overall,
found
in
than
three
decades
since
concept
was
first
there
have
been
eight
studies
investigating
aspect
MCB,
which
crucial
informing
engineering
systems
design,
logistics,
assessing
overall
potential
MCB.
To
date,
only
one
study
has
validated
modeling
aerosol
using
empirical
experiments
few
considered
non-passive
processes
such
as
negative
buoyancy
associated
with
evaporative
cooling
water
droplets,
well
particle
scavenging
due
coagulation
deposition.
Priority
areas
for
future
research
identified
far-field
estimations
portion
reaching
base.
Language: Английский
A stratocumulus to cumulus transition during a cold-air outbreak: The role of aerosols
Atmospheric Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 108211 - 108211
Published: May 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Exploring ship track spreading rates with a physics-informed Langevin particle parameterization
Geoscientific model development,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(21), P. 7867 - 7888
Published: Nov. 7, 2024
Abstract.
The
rate
at
which
aerosols
spread
from
a
point
source
injection,
such
as
ship
or
other
stationary
pollution
source,
is
critical
for
accurately
representing
subgrid
plume
spreading
in
climate
model.
Such
model
results
will
guide
future
decisions
regarding
the
feasibility
and
application
of
large-scale
intentional
marine
cloud
brightening
(MCB).
Prior
modeling
studies
have
shown
that
plumes
may
be
strongly
dependent
on
meteorological
conditions,
precipitating
versus
non-precipitating
boundary
layers
shear.
In
this
study,
we
apply
Lagrangian
particle
(PM-ABL
v1.0),
governed
by
Langevin
stochastic
differential
equation,
to
create
simplified
framework
predicting
ship-injected
aerosol
sheared,
precipitating,
layers.
velocity
position
each
predicted
with
acceleration
being
driven
turbulent
kinetic
energy,
dissipation
rate,
momentum
variance,
mean
wind.
These
inputs
equation
are
derived
high-fidelity
large-eddy
simulations
(LES)
equipped
prognostic
aerosol–cloud
microphysics
scheme
(UW-SAM)
simulate
an
injection
into
cloud-topped
layer.
resulting
reduced-order
then
compared
LES.
representation
reasonably
reproduce
rates
cases
using
domain-averaged
statistics
Language: Английский