Clouds and precipitation in the initial phase of marine cold-air outbreaks as observed by airborne remote sensing DOI Creative Commons
Imke Schirmacher, Sabrina Schnitt, Marcus Klingebiel

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(22), P. 12823 - 12842

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

Abstract. Marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAOs) strongly affect the Arctic water cycle and, thus, climate through large-scale air mass transformations. The description of transformations is still challenging, partly because previous observations do not resolve fine scales, particularly for initial development an MCAO, and due to a lack information about thermodynamical evolution starting over sea ice continuing open ocean associated cloud microphysical properties. Therefore, we focus on crucial within first 200 km two case studies in April 2022 during HALO-(AC)3 campaign (named after High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft Transregional Collaborative Centre ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric SurfaCe Processes Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3). events, just 3 d apart, belong long-lasting MCAO occurred under relatively similar thermodynamic conditions. Even though both events were stronger than climatological 75th percentile that period, event was characterized by colder masses from central which led index twice as high compared second event. structure assessed flight legs crossing Fram Strait multiple times at same location, sampling perpendicularly streets. Airborne remote sensing situ measurements used build statistical descriptions boundary layer, dynamics, clouds, precipitation. For this purpose, established novel approach based solely radar reflectivity detect roll circulation forms cases exhibit different properties riming, circulations, width similar. event, tops are higher; more liquid-topped clouds exist; liquid path, mean reflectivity, precipitation rate, occurrence have increased; riming active. variability rime has horizontal scale circulation, implying importance microphysics Boundary layer evolve with distance water, seen by, e.g., top height rising. In general, streets form traveling 15 water. After 20 km, formation enhances cover below 100 %. around 30 forms, weaker shifted larger distances. Within our analysis, developed various parameters (i) (ii) function These detailed metrics well suited evaluation cloud-resolving models close edge evaluate their representation dynamics microphysics.

Language: Английский

Snow Mass Recharge of the Greenland Ice Sheet Fueled by Intense Atmospheric River DOI Creative Commons
Hannah Bailey, Alun Hubbard

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(5)

Published: March 3, 2025

Abstract Atmospheric rivers (ARs) have been linked with extreme rainfall and melt events across the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), accelerating its mass loss. However, impact of AR‐fueled snowfall has received less attention, partly due to limited empirical evidence. Here, we relate new firn core stratigraphy isotopic analyses glacio‐meteorological data sets from SE examine an intense AR in mid‐March 2022. We demonstrate that associated snowfall—up 11.6 gigatons d −1 —delayed summer onset by11‐days offset Greenland's 2022 net loss by 8%. Since 2010, our synoptic analysis reveals snow accumulation increased 20 mm water equivalent a , driven enhanced Atlantic cyclonicity. find ARs on GrIS is not exclusively negative their capacity contribute recharge may become increasingly significant under ongoing Arctic amplification predicted poleward intrusion mid‐latitude moisture.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Overview: quasi-Lagrangian observations of Arctic air mass transformations – introduction and initial results of the HALO–(𝒜 𝒞)3 aircraft campaign DOI Creative Commons
Manfred Wendisch, Susanne Crewell, André Ehrlich

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(15), P. 8865 - 8892

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Abstract. Global warming is amplified in the Arctic. However, numerical models struggle to represent key processes that determine Arctic weather and climate. To collect data help constrain models, HALO–(𝒜𝒞)3 aircraft campaign was conducted over Norwegian Greenland seas, Fram Strait, central Ocean March April 2022. The focused on one specific challenge posed by namely reasonable representation of transformations air masses during their meridional transport into out via northward moist- warm-air intrusions (WAIs) southward marine cold-air outbreaks (CAOs). Observations were made areas open ocean, marginal sea ice zone, ice. Two low-flying long-range, high-altitude research flown colocated formation whenever possible. follow mass transformations, a quasi-Lagrangian flight strategy using trajectory calculations realized, enabling us sample same moving-air parcels twice along trajectories. Seven distinct WAI 12 CAO cases probed. From measurements, we have quantified diabatic heating/cooling moistening/drying transported masses. During CAOs, maximum values 3 K h−1 0.3 g kg−1 moistening obtained below 1 km altitude. observations WAIs, cooling rates up 0.4 moisture loss 0.1 from ground about 5.5 altitude derived. Furthermore, development cloud macrophysical (cloud-top height horizontal cover) microphysical (liquid water path, precipitation, index) properties pathways documented budget event estimated. In addition, discuss statistical frequency occurrence different thermodynamic phases low-level clouds, interaction cirrus clouds with vapor, characteristics chemical aerosol particles. Finally, provide proof concept measure mesoscale divergence subsidence dropsondes released flights.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
A comprehensive in situ and remote sensing data set collected during the HALO–(𝒜 𝒞)3 aircraft campaign DOI Creative Commons
André Ehrlich, Susanne Crewell, Andreas Herber

et al.

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 1295 - 1328

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract. The HALO–(𝒜𝒞)3 aircraft campaign was carried out in March and April 2022 over the Norwegian Greenland seas, Fram Strait, central Arctic Ocean. Three research – High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), Polar 5, 6 performed 54 partly coordinated flights on 23 flight days areas of open ocean, marginal sea ice zone (MIZ), ice. general objective to quantify evolution air mass properties during moist warm-air intrusions (WAIs) cold-air outbreaks (CAOs). To obtain a comprehensive data set, three operated following different strategies. HALO equipped with active passive remote sensing instruments dropsondes cover regional cloud thermodynamic processes. 5 similar payload HALO, instrumented situ cloud, aerosol, trace gas focusing initial transformation close MIZ. processed, calibrated, validated are published World Data Center PANGAEA as instrument-separated subsets listed aircraft-separated collections for (Ehrlich et al., 2024a, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.968885), (Mech https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.968883), (Herber 2024, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.968884). A detailed overview available sets is provided here. Furthermore, campaign-specific instrument setup, processing, quality summarized. Based measurements conducted specific CAO, it shown that scientific analysis benefits from operation aircraft.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Developing a Lagrangian Frame Transformation on Satellite Data to Study Cloud Microphysical Transitions in Arctic Marine Cold Air Outbreaks DOI Creative Commons
Hannah Seppala, Zhibo Zhang, Xue Zheng

et al.

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(9)

Published: May 8, 2025

Abstract Arctic marine cold air outbreaks (CAOs) generate distinct and dynamic cloud regimes due to intense air‐sea interactions. To understand the temporal evolution of CAO properties compare different events, a Lagrangian perspective is particularly useful. We developed novel technique that enables conversion inherently Eulerian satellite data into framework, combining broad spatiotemporal coverage observations with advantages tracking. This was applied eight cases associated recent field campaign. Our results reveal striking contrast among in terms cloud‐top phase transitions, providing new insights properties.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A stratocumulus to cumulus transition during a cold-air outbreak: The role of aerosols DOI Creative Commons
E. Bossioli, Georgia Sotiropoulou,

Michail Karalis

et al.

Atmospheric Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108211 - 108211

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Clouds and precipitation in the initial phase of marine cold-air outbreaks as observed by airborne remote sensing DOI Creative Commons
Imke Schirmacher, Sabrina Schnitt, Marcus Klingebiel

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(22), P. 12823 - 12842

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

Abstract. Marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAOs) strongly affect the Arctic water cycle and, thus, climate through large-scale air mass transformations. The description of transformations is still challenging, partly because previous observations do not resolve fine scales, particularly for initial development an MCAO, and due to a lack information about thermodynamical evolution starting over sea ice continuing open ocean associated cloud microphysical properties. Therefore, we focus on crucial within first 200 km two case studies in April 2022 during HALO-(AC)3 campaign (named after High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft Transregional Collaborative Centre ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric SurfaCe Processes Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3). events, just 3 d apart, belong long-lasting MCAO occurred under relatively similar thermodynamic conditions. Even though both events were stronger than climatological 75th percentile that period, event was characterized by colder masses from central which led index twice as high compared second event. structure assessed flight legs crossing Fram Strait multiple times at same location, sampling perpendicularly streets. Airborne remote sensing situ measurements used build statistical descriptions boundary layer, dynamics, clouds, precipitation. For this purpose, established novel approach based solely radar reflectivity detect roll circulation forms cases exhibit different properties riming, circulations, width similar. event, tops are higher; more liquid-topped clouds exist; liquid path, mean reflectivity, precipitation rate, occurrence have increased; riming active. variability rime has horizontal scale circulation, implying importance microphysics Boundary layer evolve with distance water, seen by, e.g., top height rising. In general, streets form traveling 15 water. After 20 km, formation enhances cover below 100 %. around 30 forms, weaker shifted larger distances. Within our analysis, developed various parameters (i) (ii) function These detailed metrics well suited evaluation cloud-resolving models close edge evaluate their representation dynamics microphysics.

Language: Английский

Citations

2