Microphysical interactions determine the effectiveness of Solar Radiation Modification via Stratospheric Solid Particle Injection DOI Creative Commons
Sandro Vattioni, Sina K Käslin, J. A. Dykema

et al.

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 24, 2024

Recent studies have suggested that stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) of solid particles for climate intervention could reduce warming compared to SO2.However, interactions microphysical processes, such as settling and coagulation particles, with dynamics not been considered.Using a global chemistry-climate model interactive particle microphysics, we show agglomeration significantly reduces the backscatter efficiency per unit burden mono-disperse partly due faster agglomerates, but mainly increased forward- over backscattering increasing agglomerate size.Compared SO2, 150\,nm radius diamond still substantially required rates well perturbation winds, age air water vapor concentrations small radiative forcing. Uncertainties remain whether dispersion is feasible without formation agglomerates.

Language: Английский

Investigating the Potential Atmospheric Accumulation and Radiative Impact of the Coming Increase in Satellite Reentry Frequency DOI Creative Commons
Christopher Maloney, R. W. Portmann, M. N. Ross

et al.

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 130(6)

Published: March 21, 2025

Abstract Construction of numerous satellite megaconstellations in the low Earth orbit (LEO) (300–2,000 km) is projected over coming decades. Estimates suggest that number satellites an LEO could exceed 60,000 by 2040. The increase annual mass flux anthropogenic material into upper atmosphere as a result maintaining these rival natural occurring meteoric flux. Little known about aerosols will be produced reentry vaporization, which makes estimating associated impacts on climate and ozone difficult. Aluminum primary component likely emitted during vaporization. In this study we simulate emission 10 Gg/yr, assuming all released aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ). This level Al consistent with expected megaconstellation growth We investigate how location atmospheric accumulation, aerosol size distribution, radiative properties middle‐to‐upper atmosphere. find depending latitude 20–40‐Gg stratospheric burden accumulates poleward 30 N/S between km. Small but statistically significant changes mesospheric heating rates lead to 1.5 K‐temperature anomalies mesosphere stratosphere at Southern Hemisphere high latitudes. These temperature are accompanied 10% reduction wind speed polar vortex, leading weaker springtime hole. Some scenarios also experience strengthening Northern vortex.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Microphysical Interactions Determine the Effectiveness of Solar Radiation Modification via Stratospheric Solid Particle Injection DOI Creative Commons
Sandro Vattioni, Sina K Käslin, J. A. Dykema

et al.

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(19)

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Abstract Recent studies have suggested that stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) of solid particles for climate intervention could reduce warming compared to . However, interactions microphysical processes, such as settling and coagulation particles, with dynamics not been considered. Using a global chemistry‐climate model interactive particle microphysics, we show agglomeration significantly reduces the backscatter efficiency per unit injected material mono‐disperse partly due faster agglomerates, but mainly increased forward‐ over backscattering increasing agglomerate size. Despite these effects, some materials substantially required rates well perturbation winds, age air , most promising results being shown by 150 nm diamond particles. Uncertainties remain whether dispersion is feasible without formation agglomerates.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
A fully coupled solid-particle microphysics scheme for stratospheric aerosol injections within the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 DOI Creative Commons
Sandro Vattioni,

Rahel Weber,

Aryeh Feinberg

et al.

Geoscientific model development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(21), P. 7767 - 7793

Published: Nov. 6, 2024

Abstract. Recent studies have suggested that injection of solid particles such as alumina and calcite for stratospheric aerosol (SAI) instead sulfur-based injections could reduce some the adverse side effects SAI ozone depletion heating. Here, we present a version global aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 Earth system (ESM) SOCOLv4 which incorporate solid-particle microphysics scheme assessment particles. Microphysical interactions particle with sulfur cycle were interactively coupled to heterogeneous chemistry radiative transfer code (RTC) first time within an ESM. Therefore, allows simulation at surface well feedbacks between microphysics, chemistry, radiation climate. We show results in doubling burden compared same mass rate radius 240 nm. Most sulfuric acid resulting from SO2 does not need be lifted stratosphere but is formed after situ oxidation subsequent water uptake stratosphere. achieve forcing, larger rates are needed than SAI. The would significantly perturbed, reduction by 53 %, when injecting 5 Mt yr−1 (megatons per year) or nm radius. will acquire coating equivalent about 10 thickness if equally distributed over whole available area lower However, due steep contact angle on particles, likely cover entire surface, result reactions other ones acid. When applying realistic coefficients 1.0, 10−5 10−4 H2SO4, HCl HNO3, respectively, scenario 94 % remaining form CaCO3. This keeps optical properties intact alter occurring surfaces. major process uncertainties (1) plume degree agglomeration sub-ESM grid scale, (2) scattering agglomerates, (3) (4) aerosol–cloud interactions. These can only addressed extensive, coordinated experimental modelling research efforts. presented this work offers useful tool sensitivity incorporating new

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Microphysical interactions determine the effectiveness of Solar Radiation Modification via Stratospheric Solid Particle Injection DOI Creative Commons
Sandro Vattioni, Sina K Käslin, J. A. Dykema

et al.

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 24, 2024

Recent studies have suggested that stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) of solid particles for climate intervention could reduce warming compared to SO2.However, interactions microphysical processes, such as settling and coagulation particles, with dynamics not been considered.Using a global chemistry-climate model interactive particle microphysics, we show agglomeration significantly reduces the backscatter efficiency per unit burden mono-disperse partly due faster agglomerates, but mainly increased forward- over backscattering increasing agglomerate size.Compared SO2, 150\,nm radius diamond still substantially required rates well perturbation winds, age air water vapor concentrations small radiative forcing. Uncertainties remain whether dispersion is feasible without formation agglomerates.

Language: Английский

Citations

0