Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Nov. 23, 2021
Abstract
The
virtual
water
(VW)
trade
associated
to
food
is
composed
by
the
quantity
of
utilized
for
production
crops
exchanged
on
global
market.
In
assessing
a
country’s
abundance
or
scarcity
when
entering
international
VW
trade,
scholars
consider
only
physical
availability,
neglecting
economic
scarcity,
which
indicates
situations
in
socio-economic
obstacles
impede
productive
use
water.
We
weight
primary
with
newly
proposed
composite
index
(CWSI)
that
combines
and
scarcity.
39%
volumes
exported
from
countries
higher
CWSI
than
one
destination
country.
Such
unfair
routes
occur
both
low-
high-income
among
middle-income
themselves.
High-income
have
predominant
role
import
CWSI-weighted
VW,
while
dominate
largest
exporters.
For
many
them
dominates
over
application
elicits
also
status
change
net
exporter
importer
some
wealthy
viceversa
countries.
allows
quantify
what
extent
exchanges
flow
along
environmentally
economically
routes,
it
can
inform
design
compensation
policies.
Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(23), P. 4893 - 4893
Published: Dec. 2, 2021
The
inherent
biases
of
different
long-term
gridded
surface
soil
moisture
(SSM)
products,
unconstrained
by
the
in
situ
observations,
implies
spatio-temporal
patterns.
In
this
study,
Random
Forest
(RF)
model
was
trained
to
predict
SSM
from
relevant
land
feature
variables
(i.e.,
temperature,
vegetation
indices,
texture,
and
geographical
information)
precipitation,
based
on
data
International
Soil
Moisture
Network
(ISMN.).
results
RF
show
an
RMSE
0.05
m3
m−3
a
correlation
coefficient
0.9.
calculated
impurity-based
importance
indicates
that
Antecedent
Precipitation
Index
affects
most
predicted
moisture.
coordinates
also
significantly
influence
prediction
reduced
0.03
after
considering
coordinates),
followed
texture.
pattern
compared
with
European
Space
Agency
Climate
Change
Initiative
(ESA-CCI)
product,
using
both
time-longitude
latitude
diagrams.
indicate
captures
spatial
distribution
daily,
seasonal,
annual
variabilities
globally.
Earth System Dynamics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. 131 - 154
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Abstract.
In
the
2022
summer,
western–central
Europe
and
several
other
regions
in
northern
extratropics
experienced
substantial
soil
moisture
deficits
wake
of
precipitation
shortages
elevated
temperatures.
Much
has
not
witnessed
a
more
severe
drought
since
at
least
mid-20th
century,
raising
question
whether
this
is
manifestation
our
warming
climate.
Here,
we
employ
well-established
statistical
approach
to
attribute
low
summer
human-induced
climate
change
using
observation-driven
estimates
models.
We
find
that
Europe,
June–August
root
zone
such
as
expected
occur
once
20
years
present
but
would
have
occurred
only
about
per
century
during
preindustrial
times.
The
entire
show
an
even
stronger
global
imprint
with
20-fold
probability
increase
or
higher,
note
underlying
uncertainty
large.
Reasons
are
manifold
include
lack
direct
observations
required
spatiotemporal
scales,
limitations
remotely
sensed
estimates,
resulting
need
simulate
land
surface
models
driven
by
meteorological
data.
Nevertheless,
observation-based
products
indicate
long-term
declining
for
both
regions,
tendency
likely
fueled
regional
warming,
while
no
clear
trends
emerge
precipitation.
Finally,
model
analysis
suggests
under
2
∘C
2022-like
conditions
become
twice
compared
today
take
place
nearly
every
year
across
extratropics.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
102(11), P. E2121 - E2136
Published: July 7, 2021
Abstract
The
boundary
layer
plays
a
critical
role
in
regulating
energy
and
moisture
exchange
between
the
surface
free
atmosphere.
However,
lower
atmosphere
(including
shallow
flow
features
horizontal
gradients
that
influence
local
weather)
are
not
sampled
at
time
space
scales
needed
to
improve
mesoscale
analyses
used
drive
short-term
model
predictions
of
impactful
weather.
These
data
gaps
exasperated
remote
less
developed
parts
world
where
relatively
cheap
observational
capabilities
could
help
immensely.
continued
development
small,
weather-sensing
uncrewed
aircraft
systems
(UAS),
coupled
with
emergence
an
entirely
new
commercial
sector
focused
on
UAS
applications,
has
created
novel
opportunities
for
partially
filling
this
gap.
This
article
provides
overview
current
level
readiness
small
routinely
sensing
support
national
meteorological
hydrological
services
(NMHS)
around
world.
potential
benefits
observations
operational
weather
forecasting
numerical
prediction
discussed,
as
key
considerations
will
need
be
addressed
before
their
widespread
adoption.
Finally,
pathways
implementation
into
operations,
which
hinge
successful
demonstration
within
collaborative,
multi-agency-sponsored
testbeds,
suggested.
