Overview of the Role of Chromatographic Modes in Pharmaceutical Peptide Analysis

International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 22 - 29

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Peptides represent promising candidates for medical treatments. They can be designed high specificity, which minimizes the adverse effects. Ensuring their purity, identity, and quality is crucial to therapeutic efficacity. exhibit different physical chemical properties (such as charge, pI, hydrophobic nature, size, etc.). These characteristics complicate separation of a mixture peptides. Various analytical techniques were used peptide purification, mapping, or identification. HPLC continues preferred method analyzing Different modes applied separate peptides from impurities related substances. Among these modes, ion exchange, reversed-phase, normal-phase, HILIC performed achieve separation. This review will discuss chromatographic role in analysis, including mixtures, creating isolating interest associated compounds.

Language: Английский

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Investigation of the Charge Variant Profile of Non-cleavable Conjugated Antibodies

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 185 - 190

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

This research aimed to analyze the charge variant profiles of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) conjugated maytansine derivatives or tomaymycin compounds via a non-cleavable linker, utilizing imaging capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) technique. Initially, for three mAbs were assessed, revealing both major and minor variants among samples. Specifically, mAB1 mAB2 displayed two distinct with points (pI) 9.00 8.95, respectively. In contrast, mAB3 showed predominant pI 8.50, along (pI values 8.30 8.60). The conjugation involved derivative using linkers, while linked molecules. resulting antibody conjugates exhibited greater heterogeneity acidity than their unconjugated forms. observed ranges 7.4 8.9 (∆pI: 1.4), 8.2 0.7), 8.4 1). icIEF method proved effective tracking antibody-drug (ADCs), showing excellent repeatability intra-day inter-day measurements ADCs.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Knowledge About High Blood Pressure Among Syrians

International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(6), P. 28 - 32

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Hypertension, often referred to the silent killer, is a prevalent health issue that impacts more than billion individuals worldwide. The purpose of this study was investigate understanding hypertension among Syrian individuals. 104 filled out surveys. Females made up 64.4% group surveyed. 28.8% participants in were between ages 46 and 60. More half had or work related medicinal field. showed good medication adherence where score accurate responses questions regarding compliance very high. Most familiar with normal values blood pressure levels optimistic about possibility treating condition. A percentage surveyed stated smoking obesity are contributing factors developing high pressure. believed consuming fatty foods raises plasma cholesterol levels. Participants overall However, they still need improvement medical information enhance treatments.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in Antiviral Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review of Hepatitis C Virus and Novel Flavone Leads

International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 28 - 40

Published: Dec. 25, 2024

This review explores the fundamental characteristics and implications of viruses, focusing on their classification, structure, specific case Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Viruses, nonliving biological entities reliant host cells for replication, have been historically pivotal in understanding infectious diseases. The classification viruses has evolved significantly, leading to a hierarchical system that categorizes them by order, family, genus, species based genomic structural features. HCV, member Flaviviridae presents significant global health concern, affecting over 150 million people causing approximately 500,000 deaths annually. virus is characterized its enveloped structure single-stranded RNA genome, which encodes polyprotein cleaved into functional proteins essential viral replication assembly. epidemiology HCV reveals regional prevalence variations, with higher rates observed developing countries. Notably, exhibits considerable genetic diversity, categorized seven genotypes, each demonstrating different responses treatment. natural history infection complex, often remaining asymptomatic extended periods, complicates diagnosis treatment initiation. Chronic infections can lead severe complications, including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding mechanisms entry, immune evasion crucial effective antiviral therapies preventive measures. aims provide comprehensive overview current knowledge surrounding highlighting need ongoing research better understand biology improve therapeutic strategies against this pervasive virus.

Language: Английский

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Analyzing Charge Variant Profiles of Monoclonal Antibodies Conjugated to Cytotoxic Agents

International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 20 - 25

Published: April 25, 2025

This study investigates the charge variant profiles of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) conjugated to cytotoxic agents, focusing on their implications for therapeutic efficacy and safety. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising class targeted therapies, particularly in oncology. The research centers three specific mAbs: mAB1 mAB2, targeting EphA2, mAB3, CD19. Using imaged capillary isoelectric (icIEF), we characterized variants these mAbs both unconjugated state after conjugation maytansine tomaymycin derivatives using non-cleavable linkers. Our findings indicate that mAB2 exhibit greater heterogeneity compared with distinct points (pI) reflecting structural diversity. Specifically, displayed two pI values 9.00 8.95, while mAB3 showed predominant at 8.50. Conjugation increased acidity across ADCs, evident conjugates, which demonstrated broader range. icIEF method proved effective, showing high repeatability intra-day inter-day analyses. These results highlight critical role characterization ensuring quality consistency ADCs. They underscore how variations can influence mAb pharmacokinetics outcomes, offering insights developing more effective safer antibody-drug clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Mixed Mode Chromatographic Stationary Phases in Pharmaceutical Peptide Analysis

International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 33 - 40

Published: April 25, 2025

The mixtures of pharmaceutical peptides generally include peptide fragments and similar peptides. Reversed-phase HPLC (RP) is the most frequently utilized method for analysis. These stationary phases could not sometimes separate complicated mixtures. Free silanols can additionally lead to trailing peaks that reduce peak resolution. challenges leas explore advantages mixed-mode phase in Particulate or monolithic contains polar hydrophobic groups. Polar groups are inserted into alkyl chains “embedded” used mask residual “Polar end-capping” . This review aimed discuss role particulate analysis Detailed description these were presented. Examples separation using shown.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Charge Variant Profiles in Antibody Conjugates

International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 26 - 32

Published: April 25, 2025

The aim of this study was to analyze the charge variant profiles both unconjugated and conjugated antibodies. first antibody exhibited lowest alkalinity, with isoelectric point (pI) values ranging from 7.7 8.2. This followed by second antibody, which had pI between 8.3 8.6. third identified as most alkaline, displaying 8.95 9.00. a maytansine derivative via linkers, while antibodies were linked tomaymycin. demonstrated increased heterogeneity more acidic characteristics compared their counterparts. Specifically, range 7.0 8.1 (∆pI: 1.1), tomaymycin ranged 7.8 8.4 0.6), 8.8 0.5). obtained through imaging capillary focusing high repeatability within across days.

Language: Английский

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Insights into Therapeutic Peptides and their Quality Control

International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 20 - 27

Published: Dec. 25, 2024

Therapeutic peptides have been garnering renewed attention in recent years. The manufacturing of and protein-based drugs rapidly expands within the pharmaceutical sector. These compounds may be obtained through solid-phase synthesis or biotechnological methods. Peptides proteins are delicate molecules that undergo chemical physical changes such as oxidation methionine, deamidation asparagine glutamine, isomerization, aggregation, denaturation during production. alterations could compromise stability drugs, consequently impacting therapeutic efficacy protein peptide. It is essential to effectively monitor quality verify preservation their biological properties throughout production process. This review outlines official guidelines for control manufactured genetic engineering. discussion also covered frequently utilized separation techniques evaluating peptides.

Language: Английский

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