Multidisciplinary Clinical Study on Retinal, Circulatory, and Respiratory Damage in Smoking-Dependent Subjects

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(2), P. 347 - 347

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

Background and Objectives: Cigarette smoking is a widely prevalent risk factor in the global population, despite its well-recognized systemic impact. In this pilot study, an association was hypothesized between alterations hemorheological respiratory characteristics damage at chorioretinal level, considering that traditional cigarette may increase oxidative stress, platelet activation, thrombotic phenomena level. Fundoscopy can provide information about of cerebral district entire circulatory system. Therefore, aim research to evaluate impact on vascularization pulmonary blood parameters through investigations with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), spirometry, total thrombus formation analysis system (T-TAS). Materials Methods: Thirty subjects were recruited, divided into 20 smokers (SMs) 10 non-SMs, who underwent comprehensive ocular examination, including OCTA. Spirometric evaluation sampling also performed both groups study functional capacity, as well T-TAS. Results: An obtained data confirmed smoking, evidenced by T-TAS decrease forced expiratory volume 1 s expressed liters (FEV1 L) SMs compared non-SMs group. Additionally, OCTA revealed statistically significant alteration macular vascular density (FD) right eye (RE) examined SMs. The other evaluated did not show differences. Conclusions: It believed FD, FEV1, be promising values correlating observed SMs, highlighted changes detected OCTA, data. Further needed confirm expand results already stress caused tobacco consumption.

Language: Английский

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Trimethylamine N‐Oxide (TMAO) and TNF‐α Levels in Periodontal Disease Associated With Smoking

Oral Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

ABSTRACT Aims Trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) is a compound involved in the pathogenesis of various systemic inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular conditions. The aim this study was to determine differences saliva and serum levels TMAO between periodontitis healthy patients according smoking status. Methods included four systemically groups: periodontally non‐smokers (NS‐Control; n = 25), with Stage‐III‐Grade‐B (NS‐Periodontitis; smokers (S‐Control; Stage‐III Grade‐C (S‐Periodontitis; 25). Periodontal parameters were recorded. determined samples using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). TNF‐α measured by ELISA method. Results Salivary significantly elevated group compared other groups ( p < 0.001 0.003, respectively). Serum also higher non‐smoking controls periodontitis. TMAO/SFR ratios notably groups, strong positive correlation observed salivary r 0.892, 0.001). Conclusion data suggested that are associated mechanisms cases where coexists smoking. Trial Registration NCT06580431

Language: Английский

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Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Factors and Mechanisms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1364 - 1364

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the accumulation of lipids and culprit behind cardiovascular events, has long been studied. However, in recent years, there an increase interest its initiation, with researchers shifting focus from traditional pathways involving vascular infiltration oxidized towards novel presence chronic inflammatory pathways. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, combination activation transcription factors, creates positive feedback loop that drives creation progression atherosclerosis. From upregulation nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome Notch Wnt to increased expression VEGF-A downregulation connexins Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, these processes contribute further endothelial dysfunction plaque formation. Herein, we aim provide insight into molecular mechanisms implicated initiation atherosclerotic plaques, review risk factors associated their development.

Language: Английский

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TCF7L2 as a target of peripheral artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics study

Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 104(7), P. e41431 - e41431

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

This study examines the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) their potential mechanisms based on analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus database 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). The first part involved a MR comprehensive meta-analysis. Differences in results were assessed using inverse-variance weighting. Heterogeneity was examined Cochrane Q statistical test. leave-one-out method applied for sensitivity analysis. horizontal pleiotropic effect MR-Egger intercept technique. second differential gene weighted coexpression network Subsequently, we overlapped consolidated from parts to identify key genes them. suggested statistically significant correlation incidence PAD T2D (odds ratio: 1.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–1.32, P = 3.74e−07). We anticipated pivotal role TCF7L2 T2D. significantly associated with risk. Simultaneously, deepened our understanding underlying both diseases, proposing as promising target.

Language: Английский

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Aerosolized nicotine-free e-liquid base constituents exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction and endothelial glycocalyx shedding via the AKT/GSK3β-mPTP pathway in lung injury models

Respiratory Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

Smoking has been recognized as a risk factor of cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and lung diseases such chronic obstructive pulmonary nicotine appears to be the responsible component tobacco smoke that affects development. While nicotine-free electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are often promoted safer alternative traditional smoking, recent evidence suggests they might pose significant health risks. This study investigates effects e-cigarette vapor (ECV) on tissue endothelial function. A mouse model ECV-induced injury human microvascular cells (HPMVECs) were utilized evaluate impact ECV exposure mitochondrial function, cell viability, glycocalyx shedding. significantly damages tissue, characterized by alveolar enlargement, inflammation, vascular remodeling, indicative emphysematous changes. In vitro, HPMVECs exposed extract (ECE) demonstrated dose-dependent increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane depolarization, mPTP opening, reduced ATP production, leading enhanced permeability degradation. The inhibition opening with Cyclosporin (CsA) was found mitigate dysfunction damage induced ECE, indicating protective role preserving integrity. AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway identified key regulator these processes, ECE downregulating p-AKT p-GSK3β, thereby promoting opening. Activation AKT partially reversed effects, highlighting potential targeting AKT/GSK3β-mPTP axis adverse These findings underscore risks associated e-cigarettes suggest novel therapeutic targets for preventing progression.

Language: Английский

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Treatment of endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis: a new perspective integrating traditional and modern approaches

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 26, 2025

Atherosclerosis (AS), a prime causative factor in cardiovascular disease, originates from endothelial cell dysfunction (ECD). Comprising vital part of the vascular endothelium, cells play crucial role maintaining homeostasis, optimizing redox balance, and regulating inflammatory responses. More evidence shows that ECD not only serves as an early harbinger AS but also exhibits strong association with disease progression. In recent years, treatment strategies for have been continuously evolving, encompassing interventions ranging lifestyle modifications to traditional pharmacotherapy aimed at reducing risk factors, which demonstrated ability improve function. Additionally, novel such promising biotherapy gene therapy drawn attention. These methods enormous potential prospects improving function reversing AS. However, it is essential remain cognizant current treatments still present significant challenges regarding therapeutic efficacy, long-term safety, ethical issues. This article aims provide systematic review these methods, analyze mechanisms efficacy various strategies, goal offering insights guidance clinical practice, further advancing prevention diseases.

Language: Английский

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Variants in candidate genes and their interactions with smoking on the risk of acute coronary syndrome

Biomédica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 107 - 117

Published: March 28, 2025

Introduction. Multiple genetic and environmental factors interact with the development of acute coronary syndrome. Smoking is one that might alter metabolic pathways shared by genes associated this condition.Objective. To investigate association syndrome variants related to inflammation, lipid metabolism, platelet aggregation among subjects from northeastern region Colombia. The effects interactions between polymorphisms smoking were also evaluated.Materials methods. We analyzed data 330 cases 430 controls. Associations 20 evaluated using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. Gene interaction terms calculated, separately in smokers non-smokers their syndrome.Results. Two syndrome, rs10455872 LPA gene (OR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.61-4.49) rs429358 APOE 1.93; 1.30-2.87). identified rs6511720 LDLR (p 0.04) rs2227631 SERPINE1 0.02), significant (rs6511720: OR 0.40; 0.19-0.88; rs2227631: 0.69; 0.48-1.00), but not 1.28; 0.66-2.46; 1.30; 0.91-1.87).Conclusions. Variants candidate are an increased risk a population differ according habits non-smokers. These results helpful early screening mainly individuals without defined conventional factors.

Language: Английский

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Coronary Artery Spasm: From Physiopathology to Diagnosis

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 597 - 597

Published: April 3, 2025

Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a reversible vasoconstriction of normal or atherosclerotic epicardial coronary arteries with subsequent reduction in myocardial blood flow, leading to ischemia, infarction, severe arrhythmias, even sudden death. It an entity that should be recognized based on particular clinical presentation. Numerous differences exist between CAS and obstructive disease terms mechanisms, risk factors, therapeutic solutions. The gold standard for diagnosis represented by transitory occlusion the at provocation test, which consists intracoronary administration Ach, ergonovine, methylergonovine during angiography. pathophysiology not fully understood. However, core vascular smooth muscle cell contraction, circadian pattern. initiating event this contraction may endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, autonomic nervous system unbalance. Our study explores intricate balance these factors their relevance management CAS.

Language: Английский

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Importance of a Database Regarding Acute Coronary Ischemic Syndrome in Institutional Clinical Practice

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Natural History of Asymptomatic Mesenteric Artery Occlusive Disease and Predictors of Symptomatic Progression

Journal of Vascular Surgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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