Quick and Effective Evaluation Methods for Biocontrol Agents and Biostimulants Against Phytopathogenic Fungi Relevant for Various Cropping Systems

Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

ABSTRACT Fungal diseases pose a significant threat to global agriculture, leading major crop losses and harmful mycotoxin contamination. Effective management of these is crucial for safeguarding production ensuring food safety. With growing emphasis on sustainability, there increased interest in using biological control agents (BCAs) biostimulants with protective effects (BPEs). This paper provides comprehensive set methods or protocols rapidly screening the potential BCAs BPEs, covering assessments from pathogen‐only evaluations those involving both pathogen host at early stages. By promoting standardised reproducible methods, this review offers concise guide initial evaluations, helping identify promising microorganisms substances further research. These allow comparisons between BCAs/BPEs conventional chemical treatments, assessment synergies, ability fungicide‐resistant strains evaluation phytotoxicity. The goal improve understanding integration BPEs into agricultural practices, reducing reliance agrochemicals sustainable fungal diseases. Future research should expand range under investigation refine maximise their effectiveness real‐world applications.

Language: Английский

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Blood donation and post donation care: A clinical update

International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 207 - 213

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Donating blood is an essential component of healthcare systems, and it imperative to administer adequate post-donation care donors in order safeguard their health maintain the supply's safety. This brief offers a succinct outline crucial suggestions for persons who have made donation. After receiving donation, initial treatment usually involves taking rest, staying hydrated, having light meal replenish volume glucose levels. Adequate fluid intake preventing dehydration promoting restoration volume. In safety guarantee excellence donated blood, recommendations frequently advise following dietary limitations, which may include refraining from alcohol restricting caffeine use. It highly recommended cease smoking, as enhances general well-being increases amount oxygen bloodstream. Donors should vigilantly observe donation location any unusual symptoms promptly seek medical aid if needed. Long-term prioritizes maintaining good physical by balanced diet, regular activity, rest. Regular donors, particularly women, require iron supplements avoid deficiency anaemia. must strictly adhere time intervals between donations prevent donor exhaustion. Adhering obligations guaranteeing security ongoing The objective present review optimise recovery process, mitigate adverse consequences, ensure continuous availability safe supply patients need.

Language: Английский

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The Future of Learning: AI-Driven Personalized Education

SSRN Electronic Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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