Single‐Larva RNA Sequencing Reveals That Red Sea Urchin Larvae Are Vulnerable to Co‐Occurring Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions have been increasing rapidly in recent years, driving pH and oxygen levels to record low concentrations the oceans. Eastern boundary upwelling systems such as California Current System (CCS) experience exacerbated ocean acidification hypoxia (OAH) due physical chemical properties of transported deeper waters. Research efforts significantly increased years investigate deleterious effects climate change on marine species, but not focused impacts simultaneous OAH stressor exposure. Additionally, few studies explored physiological these environmental stressors earliest life stages, which are more vulnerable represent natural population bottlenecks organismal cycles. The response ecologically commercially important red sea urchin ( Mesocentrotus franciscanus ) was assessed by exposing larvae a variety conditions, mimicking range relevant conditions encountered currently near future along CCS. Skeleton dissolution, larval development, gene expression show with clearly delineated thresholds that were related severity. Skeletal dissolution induction Acid‐sensing Ion Channel 1A at 7.94/5.70 DO mg/L provide particularly sensitive markers OAH, dramatic shifts morphology detected pH/DO transition 7.71/3.71–7.27/2.72 mg/L. Experimental simulations describe establish molecular exposure will fishery management tools predict patterns recruitment forecast dynamics.

Language: Английский

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A Novel Back‐Calculation Approach to Estimate Ocean Anthropogenic Carbon Using Carbon‐Based Data and a Total Matrix Intercomparison Method

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Over the last decades, back‐calculation (BC) techniques for ocean anthropogenic carbon (C ant ) estimation have improved and evolved into different methodologies that are not exempt from various assumptions limitations. No single optimal BC method exists to date computing C ; therefore, it is necessary continue advancing broad range of approaches. Here, we present a novel based on fundamentals combines marine‐carbonate‐system (MCS) data Total Matrix Intercomparison (TMI) framework. This MCS‐TMI approach differs other methods by using TMI reconstruct deep‐ocean biogeochemical properties their preformed conditions. It also incorporates global sea‐air oxygen disequilibrium term, dynamic stoichiometric carbon‐to‐oxygen ratio depends water‐mass ideal time. The yields total inventory 124 ± 7 Pg (referred 1995), in good agreement with previous climatologies. uncertainty (±5.6 μmol kg −1 controlled input‐data errors that, nonetheless, minimal impact inventory. In contrast, our governed methodological errors, specifically those related TMI's boundary Our study demonstrates effectiveness MCS data‐based climatologies reconstructing 3D gridded climatology, validity circulation transport operators obtaining

Language: Английский

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Pteropods as early‐warning indicators of ocean acidification

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Abstract Aragonite undersaturation ( 1) events are projected to rapidly increase in frequency and duration the Antarctic Weddell Sea by 2050. Thecosome pteropods (pelagic snails) bioindicators of ocean acidification (OA) because their aragonite shell dissolves easily at low saturation states. Here, we describe dissolution state pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica relation water column southern during austral summer 2018 as benchmark for future monitoring ongoing OA. depth profiles sampling sites were consistently close or range threshold levels 1.1–1.3) dissolution. Pteropods contributed up 69% total mesozooplankton biomass, distribution correlated positively with chlorophyll a concentration. When analyzed scanning electron microscopy, 78% investigated shells exhibited dissolution, 50–69% showed more severe Type II exceeding current projections Southern Ocean. But importantly, our study, only two specimens had most III Dissolution often co‐occurred occurred scratch marks unclear origin supporting notions that an intact periostracum protects from Where absence scratches evidence breaches, microscale/nanoscale breaches may have been important pathway commencement recent findings reduction organic content caused /low pH. The provide here allows application early‐warning indicators presumably progressing OA Sea.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and polar marine invertebrates: life-history responses in a warmer, high CO2 world

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(23)

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Polar marine invertebrates serve as bellwethers for species vulnerabilities in the face of changing climate at high latitudes Earth. Ocean acidification, warming/heatwaves, freshening, sea ice retreat and productivity change are challenges polar species. Adaptations to life cold water with intensely seasonal has shaped traits both poles. have histories often characterised K-strategist or K-selected (e.g. slow growth development, larval hypometabolism) that make them sensitive stress altered productivity. Moderate warming results faster development can positive effects on up a limit. However, ocean acidification retard impair skeletogenesis result smaller larvae. Given fast pace warming, data thermal tolerance larvae from diverse is urgently needed, well knowledge adaptive responses changes Predicted increase would benefit energy-limited reproduction while loss negatively impacts directly indirectly depend this habitat. It critical understand interactive between other stressors. specialists cannot migrate, making susceptible competition extinction range-extending subpolar The borealisation australisation Arctic Antarctic ecosystems, respectively, underway these regions become more hospitable adult life-history stages lower-latitude Differences biogeography point different prospects communities. In Commentary, we hypothesise outcomes based history sensitivity suggest research avenues test our predictions.

Language: Английский

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PMEL’s Contribution to Observing and Analyzing Decadal Global Ocean Changes Through Sustained Repeat Hydrography

Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The ocean is warming, acidifying, and losing oxygen. Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) carries out repeat hydrographic surveys along specified transects throughout all basins to allow accurate precise quantification of changes in variables such as temperature, salinity, carbon, oxygen, nutrients, velocity, anthropogenic tracers, uses these observations understand ventilation patterns, deoxygenation, heat uptake, carbon content, circulation. GO-SHIP provides global, full-depth, gold-standard data for model validation calibration autonomous sensors, including Argo. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, through sustained funding from NOAA, has developed methods measure several the routinely sampled a core contributor cruises.

Language: Английский

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Sea butterflies in a pickle: reliable biomarkers and seasonal sensitivity of Limacina retroversa to ocean acidification in the Gulf of Maine

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The passive dissolution of anthropogenically produced CO2 into the ocean system is reducing pH and changing a suite chemical equilibria, with negative consequences for some marine organisms, in particular those that bear calcium carbonate shells. Although our monitoring these changes has improved, we have not developed effective tools to translate observations, which are typically saturation state, ecologically relevant predictions biological risks. One potential solution develop bioindicators: variables clear relationship environmental risk factors can be used assessment management. Thecosomatous pteropods group pelagic shelled gastropods, whose responses been suggested as bioindicators acidification owing their sensitivity both laboratory natural environment. Using five exposure experiments, occurring across four seasons running up 15 days, describe consistent between shell transparency duration exposure, well identify genes could further study. We clarify variations thecosome due seasonality, resolving prior uncertainties demonstrating range phenotypic plasticity. These biomarkers stress implemented ecosystem models programmes regions where found, whilst approach will serve an example other on how bridge gap point-based biologically assessments health.

Language: Английский

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A numerical model sheds new light on the effects of ocean acidification on an indicator species

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

A Lagrangian Individual Based Model (IBM) offers new insights into the effects of ocean acidification on pteropods by providing detailed life histories individuals. thorough analysis results makes it possible to attribute different mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Progression of ocean interior acidification over the industrial era

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(48)

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Ocean acidification driven by the uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 represents a major threat to ocean ecosystems, yet little is known about its progression beneath surface. Here, we reconstruct history interior over industrial era on basis observation-based estimates accumulation carbon. Across top 100 meters and from 1800 2014, saturation state aragonite (Ω arag ) pH = −log[H + ] decreased more than 0.6 0.1, respectively, with nearly 50% occurring past 20 years. While magnitude Ω change decreases uniformly depth, [H increase exhibits distinct maximum in upper thermocline. Since 1800, horizon 1) shoaled 200 meters, approaching euphotic zone several regions, especially Southern Ocean, exposing many organisms corrosive conditions.

Language: Английский

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Sensitivity of pteropod calcification to multi stressor variability in coastal habitats

Marine Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 204, P. 106868 - 106868

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Progression of Ocean Interior Acidification over the Industrial Era

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Ocean acidification driven by the uptake of anthropogenic CO represents a major threat to ocean ecosystems, yet little is known about its progression beneath surface. Here, we reconstruct history interior (OIA) from 1800 2014 on basis observation-based estimates accumulation carbon. Across top 100 m and over industrial era, saturation state aragonite (Ω) pH = -log[H] decreased more than 0.6 0.1, respectively, with progress nearly 50% last 20 years (1994-2014). While magnitude Ω change decreases uniformly depth, decrease exhibits distinct maximum in upper thermocline. Since 1800, horizon (Ω=1) shoaled 200 m, approaching euphotic zone several regions, especially Southern Ocean, exposing many organisms corrosive conditions.

Language: Английский

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