bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Nov. 3, 2024
Abstract The welfare of captive and wild animals is closely tied to human health, nutrition, environmental wellbeing. Yet, until now, the global determinants animal remain unclear, as we lack quantitative data on treatment. Here, by collapsing 13 indicators legislation across 50 major product-producing countries, identify two key dimensions reflecting ‘animal protection’ ‘responsible consumption production’. While high-income countries with lower dependence agriculture may have more opportunity focus welfare, our analysis suggests that level social freedoms citizens can dramatically overwhelms this economic signal. We find ‘voice accountability’ ultimately determines extent protection, explaining 58% variation globe. Irrespective or conditions, structures enhance political freedoms, civil liberties, citizen participation in governance provide necessary foundation for developing promote protection.
Language: Английский