Climate change and coral reef bleaching: An ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 80(4), P. 435 - 471

Published: Sept. 18, 2008

Language: Английский

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Using the Acropora digitifera genome to understand coral responses to environmental change

Nature, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 476(7360), P. 320 - 323

Published: July 24, 2011

Coral reefs are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on planet and of great economic importance. They under threat because scleractinian corals at their core susceptible to ocean acidification rising seawater temperatures. The genome reef-building coral Acropora digitifera has been analysed with a view understanding molecular basis symbiosis responses environmental change. seems have lost key enzyme cysteine biosynthesis, so may be dependent its symbionts for this amino acid. It contains several genes roles in protection from ultraviolet light that acquired by horizontal transfer prokaryotic organisms. coral's innate immunity repertoire is more complex than solitary sea anemone, suggesting some these involved or coloniality. Despite enormous ecological importance reefs, keystone organisms establishment, corals, increasingly face range anthropogenic challenges including temperature rise1,2,3,4. To understand better mechanisms underlying biology, here we decoded approximately 420-megabase using next-generation sequencing technology. This 23,700 gene models. Molecular phylogenetics indicate anemone Nematostella vectensis diverged 500 million years ago, considerably earlier time over which modern represented fossil record (∼240 ago)5. long evolutionary history endosymbiosis, no evidence was found symbiont host. However, unlike other lack an essential implying dependency Corals inhabit environments where they frequently exposed high levels solar radiation, analysis data indicates host can independently carry out de novo synthesis mycosporine-like acids, potent ultraviolet-protective compounds. In addition, notably indicating A number putative calcification were identified, restricted corals. provides platform changes.

Language: Английский

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Multiple disturbances and the global degradation of coral reefs: are reef fishes at risk or resilient?

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 2220 - 2234

Published: Sept. 18, 2006

Abstract Increased frequency of disturbances and anthropogenic activities are predicted to have a devastating impact on coral reefs that will ultimately change the composition reef associated fish communities. We reviewed analysed studies document effects disturbance‐mediated loss fishes. Meta‐analysis 17 independent revealed 62% species declined in abundance within 3 years resulted >10% decline cover. Abundances reliant live for food shelter consistently during this time frame, while some feed invertebrates, algae and/or detritus increased. The response species, particularly those expected benefit from immediate coral, is, however, variable is attributed erratic replenishment stocks, ecological versatility sublethal responses, such as changes growth, body condition feeding rates. diversity communities was found be negatively linearly correlated loss. Coral >20% typically richness communities, although may initially increase following small declines cover high coverage. Disturbances result an habitat complexity (e.g. severe tropical storms), greater fishes all trophic levels, compared with kill corals, but leave framework intact bleaching outbreaks Acanthaster planci ). This most evident among bodied suggests long‐term consequences through crown‐of‐thorn starfish much more substantial than short‐term currently documented.

Language: Английский

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The Gulf: A young sea in decline

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 13 - 38

Published: Dec. 17, 2009

Language: Английский

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Shifting Baselines, Local Impacts, and Global Change on Coral Reefs

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. e54 - e54

Published: Feb. 22, 2008

The striking health of remote coral reefs provides clear evidence that protection from local overfishing and pollution can help mitigate the impacts global warming.

Language: Английский

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Alternative states on coral reefs: beyond coral–macroalgal phase shifts

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 376, P. 295 - 306

Published: Nov. 12, 2008

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 376:295-306 (2009) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07815 REVIEW Alternative states on coral reefs: beyond coral–macroalgal phase shifts Albert V. Norström1,2,*, Magnus Nyström1,2, Jerker Lokrantz1,2, Carl Folke2,3 1Natural Resource Management, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 2Stockholm Resilience Centre, 3The Beijer Institute, The Royal Swedish Academy Sciences, SE-104 05 *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Degradation reefs is often associated with changes in community structure where macroalgae become dominant benthic life form. These can be difficult reverse. debate reef has not focused reports becoming dominated by other forms following disturbance. A review primary and grey literature indicates that corallimorpharia, soft corals, sponges sea urchins enter an alternative state as a result shift. Shifts triggered pulse disturbances cause large-scale mortality, may stable positive feedback mechanisms. However, they differ from archetypical coral–macroalgae shift, depending factors driving shift; whereas coral–urchin seem driven loss top-down control through overfishing, corallimorpharian, sponge dominance more bottom-up dynamics. Understanding differences similarities mechanisms maintain this variety will aid management aimed at preventing reversing reefs. KEY WORDS: Phase · Coral Corallimorpharia Soft Sponge Urchin barren Full text pdf format PreviousNextCite article as: Norström AV, Nyström M, Lokrantz J, Folke C shifts. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 376:295-306. Export citation Tweet linkedIn Cited Published Vol. 376. Online publication date: February 11, 2009 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; 1616-1599 Copyright © Inter-Research.

Language: Английский

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A community change in the algal endosymbionts of a scleractinian coral following a natural bleaching event: field evidence of acclimatization

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 275(1641), P. 1359 - 1365

Published: March 18, 2008

The symbiosis between reef-building corals and their algal endosymbionts (zooxanthellae of the genus Symbiodinium ) is highly sensitive to temperature stress, which makes coral reefs vulnerable climate change. Thermal tolerance in known be substantially linked type zooxanthellae they harbour and, when multiple types are present, relative abundance can experimentally manipulated increase thermal limits individual corals. Although potential exists for this translate into substantial acclimatization communities, date there no evidence show that takes place under natural conditions. In study, we field a dramatic change symbiont community Acropora millepora , common widespread Indo-Pacific hard species, after bleaching event early 2006 Keppel Islands (Great Barrier Reef). Before bleaching, 93.5% ( n =460) randomly sampled tagged colonies predominantly harboured thermally C2, while remainder tolerant belonging clade D or mixtures C2 D. After 71% surviving were initially predominant changed C1 predominance. Colonies originally suffered high mortality (37%) compared with D-predominant (8%). We estimate just over 18% original A. population survived unchanged leaving 29% six months event. This structure, it persists, likely have increased population. Understanding processes underpin temporal changes communities key assessing reef

Language: Английский

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Assessing the ‘deep reef refugia’ hypothesis: focus on Caribbean reefs

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 309 - 327

Published: Jan. 26, 2010

Language: Английский

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Sunscreens Cause Coral Bleaching by Promoting Viral Infections

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 116(4), P. 441 - 447

Published: Jan. 3, 2008

Coral bleaching (i.e., the release of coral symbiotic zooxanthellae) has negative impacts on biodiversity and functioning reef ecosystems their production goods services. This increasing world-wide phenomenon is associated with temperature anomalies, high irradiance, pollution, bacterial diseases. Recently, it been demonstrated that personal care products, including sunscreens, have an impact aquatic organisms similar to other contaminants.Our goal was evaluate potential sunscreen ingredients hard corals algae.In situ laboratory experiments were conducted in several tropical regions (the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans, Red Sea) by supplementing branches aliquots sunscreens common ultraviolet filters contained formula. Zooxanthellae checked for viral infection epifluorescence transmission electron microscopy analyses.Sunscreens cause rapid complete corals, even at extremely low concentrations. The effect due organic filters, which are able induce lytic cycle zooxanthellae latent infections.We conclude promoting infection, potentially play important role areas prone levels recreational use humans.

Language: Английский

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Effects Of Climate-Induced Coral Bleaching On Coral-Reef Fishes — Ecological And Economic Consequences

Oceanography and Marine Biology/Oceanography and marine biology - an annual review, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 251 - 296

Published: June 5, 2008

Global climate change is having devastating effects on habitat structure in coral-reef ecosystems owing to extreme environmental sensitivities and consequent bleaching of reef-building scleractinian corals. Coral frequently causes immediate loss live coral may lead longer-term declines topographic complexity. This review identifies cover complexity as critical distinct components habitats that shape communities fishes. has the greatest most effect fishes depend corals for food or shelter, many such face considerable risk extinction with increasing frequency severity bleaching. also have consequences require at settlement, which are compounded by declining Topographic moderates major biotic factors, predation competition, contributing high diversity reefs. Many do not nonetheless dependent provided healthy growth. Ecological economic likely be substantial compared selective but both must recognised a component managed accordingly. Urgent action fundamental appropriate management elements (coral complexity) key ensuring long-term persistence

Language: Английский

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