Ageing wolves through crown height measurements and its implications for ageing canids

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(10)

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Chemical Immobilization of Furbearers

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

Chemical immobilization is the use of approved pharmaceuticals to reduce an animal's movements so that it can be safely handled by humans while reducing potential for harm itself.Although many species furbearers physically restrained, this very psychologically and physiologically stressful animal as well making tasks such collecting invasive samples (e.g., blood), attaching radio-transmitters, measuring morphometrics more difficult than needed.Most modern immobilizing drugs have been in decades proven extremely safe reliable.Immobilizing used removal animals from traps; handling, sampling; anesthetizing painful procedures tooth extraction, transmitter implants, wound management; transportation during translocation efforts; problematic areas.This chapter includes legalities drug use, pharmacology, equipment, medical considerations, may considered update information provided Seal Kreeger (1987).It intended give readers overview field without in-depth technical discussions.A expansive coverage chemical found et al. (2023).The most substantial changes since (1987) concern development potent antagonizable sedatives anesthetic doses combinations multiple provide efficacy antagonist capabilities increasing safety both humans. DRUG POSSESSION AND USE Acquisition Possession Drugs CanadaVeterinarians must practice according enforceable rules conduct or bylaws codes ethics, which are developed each provincial veterinary licensing body.Depending on regulations, a veterinarian able prescribe non-controlled non-veterinarian long valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship has established.Unfortunately, does not apply controlled substances.

Language: Английский

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Managing wolf-livestock conflict on national forests in the Western United States

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Genetics for Furbearer Management and Conservation

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

adaptive genetic variation: Genetic variation detected at markers under natural selection, meaning they have a direct effect on fitness.Adaptive is generally more difficult to sample and does not reflect demographic processes as neutral does, but important for examining phenotypic traits the potential of populations.See also variation.ancient DNA (aDNA): extracted from old biological material that can originate archaeological material, museum skins or skeletal paleontological remains range in age tens years hundreds thousands old.Ancient often degraded contaminated comparison with contemporary material.conservation genetics: A field biology uses help conserve biodiversity manage species populations.Traditional include allozymes, microsatellites, targeted gene sequences obtained by Sanager sequencing.conservation genomics: genome-wide information populations.Genomic data consist millions loci across genome organisms are derived high-throughput sequencing technology.Examples whole resequencing approaches, such genotyping-by-sequencing, exome sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, transcriptome sequencing.direct sample: Tissues collected live-captured animals, animal carcasses, specimens, which requires handling live dead its body parts (Fig. 16.2).See noninvasive sample. effective population size ( N e ):The so-called ideal (e.g., number males females equal, all individuals reproduce produce an equal offspring, mating random, constant) would same rate inbreeding loss diversity due drift actual interest.For most organisms, substantially lower than size.Ne key statistic summarizing past history, assessing current health, predicting future risk extinction.environmental (eDNA): be environmental samples air, soil, water), without first isolating any target organisms.eDNA characterized complex mixture genomic many different possible degradation (i.e., molecules broken into small fragments abiotic biotic factors; Fig. 16.2). evolutionary significant unit (ESU):A group populations ecological distinctiveness warrant separate conservation priority.genetic marker: Also called molecular marker, alteration piece readily used laboratory identify cells, individuals, populations, species.Common types polymorphisms (SNPs) microsatellites.genetic monitoring: An approach quantify temporal changes metrics variation, [ ], proportions, structure, flow) other parameters distribution abundance, survival recruitment, hybridization, pathogens parasites, social dynamics, diet).genetic tagging: DNA, usually samples, generate genotypes multiple, independent each individual uniquely identified monitored over space time.The provide dispersal, pedigree reconstruction, use, survival.genome-wide association study (GWAS): evaluate genomes variants statistically associated particular trait.genotyping: The determination length sites markers) previously variable within population.

Language: Английский

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Population Ecology of Furbearers

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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