Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 407 - 412

Published: April 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options

Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 215, P. 108448 - 108448

Published: April 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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The hypercoagulable state in COVID-19: Incidence, pathophysiology, and management

Thrombosis Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 101 - 115

Published: June 20, 2020

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents with a large variety of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic carrier state to severe respiratory distress, multiple organ dysfunction and death. While it was initially considered primarily illness, rapidly accumulating data suggests that COVID-19 results in unique, profoundly prothrombotic milieu leading both arterial venous thrombosis. Consistently, elevated D-dimer level has emerged as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes, including Several other laboratory markers blood counts have also been associated prognosis, possibly due their connection At present, the pathophysiology underlying hypercoagulable is poorly understood. However, growing body initial events occur lung. A inflammatory response, originating alveoli, triggers dysfunctional cascade thrombosis pulmonary vasculature, local coagulopathy. This followed, patients more disease, by generalized macro- microvascular Of concern, observation anticoagulation may be inadequate many circumstances, highlighting need alternative or additional therapies. Numerous ongoing studies investigating coagulopathy provide mechanistic insights can direct appropriate interventional strategies.

Language: Английский

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Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 among patients in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network: a cross-sectional study

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 1034 - 1042

Published: May 16, 2020

There are few primary care studies of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify demographic and clinical risk factors for testing positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within Oxford Royal College General Practitioners (RCGP) Research Surveillance Centre network.We analysed routinely collected, pseudonymised data patients in RCGP sentinel network who were tested SARS-CoV-2 between Jan 28 April 4, 2020. used multivariable logistic regression models with multiple imputation tests this surveillance identified 3802 test results, which 587 positive. In analysis, male sex was independently associated (296 [18·4%] 1612 men vs 291 [13·3%] 2190 women; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1·55, 95% CI 1·27-1·89). Adults at increased compared children, people aged 40-64 years greatest model (243 [18·5%] 1316 adults 23 [4·6%] 499 children; OR 5·36, 3·28-8·76). Compared white people, a greater black (388 [15·5%] 2497 36 [62·1%] 58 people; 4·75, 2·65-8·51). People living urban areas versus rural (476 [26·2%] 1816 111 [5·6%] 1986 areas; 4·59, 3·57-5·90) more deprived (197 [29·5%] 668 most 143 [7·7%] 1855 least deprived; 2·03, 1·51-2·71) likely chronic kidney disease analysis (68 [32·9%] 207 519 [14·4%] 3595 without; 1·91, 1·31-2·78), but there no significant association other conditions that analysis. found among obese (142 [20·9%] 680 obesity 171 [13·2%] 1296 normal-weight 1·41, 1·04-1·91). Notably, active smoking linked decreased result (47 [11·4%] 413 smokers 201 [17·9%] 1125 non-smokers; 0·49, 0·34-0·71).A cohort similar as observed outcomes hospital settings, except smoking. provide evidence potential sociodemographic test, including deprivation, population density, ethnicity, disease.Wellcome Trust.

Language: Английский

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Links between air pollution and COVID-19 in England

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 268, P. 115859 - 115859

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

In December 2019, a novel disease, coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, People's Republic of China. COVID-19 is caused by (SARS-CoV-2) presumed to have jumped species from another mammal humans. This virus has rapidly spreading global pandemic. To date, over 300,000 cases been reported England and 40,000 patients died. While progress achieved managing this the factors addition age that affect severity mortality not clearly identified. Recent studies several countries identified links between air pollution death rates. Here, we explored potential major fossil fuel-related pollutants SARS-CoV-2 England. We compared current deaths public databases both regional subregional data monitored at multiple sites across After controlling for population density, median income, show positive relationships pollutant concentrations, particularly nitrogen oxides, infectivity. Using detailed UK Biobank data, further PM2.5 was contributor England, as an increase 1 m3 long-term average associated with 12% cases. The relationship withstands variations temporal scale assessments (single-year vs 5-year average) remains significant after adjusting socioeconomic, demographic health-related variables. conclude small leads large infectivity rate study provides framework guide health emissions policies affected

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and multiorgan failure: A narrative review on potential mechanisms

Journal of Molecular Histology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 51(6), P. 613 - 628

Published: Oct. 4, 2020

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) in December 2019 form Wuhan, China leads to disease (COVID-19) pandemic. While the common cold symptoms are observed mild cases, COVID-19 is accompanied by multiorgan failure patients. involvement different organs patients results lengthening hospitalization duration and increasing mortality rate. In this review, we aimed investigate patients, particularly cases. Also, tried define potential underlying mechanisms SARS-CoV2 induced failure. multi-organ dysfunction characterized lung failure, liver kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, as well a wide spectrum hematological abnormalities neurological disorders. most important related direct indirect pathogenic features SARS-CoV2. Although presence angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, receptor lung, heart, kidney, testis, liver, lymphocytes, nervous system was confirmed, there controversial findings about observation RNA these organs. Moreover, organ may be cytokine storm, result increased levels inflammatory mediators, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities, infiltration cells into Therefore, further investigations needed detect exact pathogenesis. Since several for clinicians, their knowledge help improve outcomes decrease rate morbidity.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19: clinical course and outcomes of 36 hemodialysis patients in Spain

Kidney International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 98(1), P. 27 - 34

Published: May 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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Towards effective COVID‑19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review)

International Journal of Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 3 - 16

Published: May 6, 2020

In the current context of pandemic triggered by SARS-COV-2, immunization population through vaccination is recognized as a public health priority. case SARS‑COV‑2, genetic sequencing was done quickly, in one month. Since then, worldwide research has focused on obtaining vaccine. This major economic impact because new technological platforms and advanced engineering procedures are required to obtain COVID‑19 The most difficult scientific challenge for this future vaccine obtained laboratory proof clinical safety efficacy. biggest manufacturing construction validation production capable making large scale.

Language: Английский

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Pulmonary pathology of ARDS in COVID-19: A pathological review for clinicians

Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 106239 - 106239

Published: Nov. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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Evidence-Based Strategies for Clinical Organizations to Address COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 96(3), P. 699 - 707

Published: Dec. 30, 2020

The success of vaccination programs is contingent upon irrefutable scientific safety data combined with high rates public acceptance and population coverage. Vaccine hesitancy, characterized by lack confidence in and/or complacency about that may lead to delay or refusal despite the availability services, threatens undermine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) programs. rapid pace vaccine development, misinformation popular social media, polarized sociopolitical environment, inherent complexities large-scale efforts increase COVID-19 vaccination. Although experience recent lethal surges infections has underscored value vaccines, ensuring uptake will require application multilevel, evidence-based strategies influence behavior change address hesitancy. Recent survey research evaluating attitudes United States toward reveals substantial Building at policy community level ensure access vaccination, a strong health care system response critical Drawing on evidence base social, behavioral, communication, implementation science, we review, summarize, encourage use interpersonal, individual-level, organizational interventions within clinical organizations this gap improve adoption

Language: Английский

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