Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insights and Perspectives on Lung Cancer from Early Detection to Targeted Treatment

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 123 - 123

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

Lung cancer demands innovative approaches for early detection and targeted treatment. In addressing this urgent need, exosomes play a pivotal role in revolutionizing both the treatment of lung cancer. Their remarkable capacity to encapsulate diverse range biomolecules, traverse biological barriers, be engineered with specific targeting molecules makes them highly promising diagnostic markers precise drug delivery cells. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis exosomal content biogenesis offers crucial insights into molecular profile tumors. This knowledge holds significant potential development therapies strategies Despite notable progress field, challenges standardization cargo loading persist. Collaborative research efforts are imperative maximize advance field precision medicine benefit patients.

Language: Английский

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The role and applications of extracellular vesicles in osteoporosis

Bone Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract Osteoporosis is a widely observed condition characterized by the systemic deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture, which increases patient susceptibility to fragile fractures. The intricate mechanisms governing homeostasis are substantially impacted extracellular vesicles (EVs), play crucial roles in both pathological physiological contexts. EVs derived from various sources exert distinct effects on osteoporosis. Specifically, released osteoblasts, endothelial cells, myocytes, mesenchymal stem cells contribute formation due their unique cargo proteins, miRNAs, cytokines. Conversely, secreted osteoclasts immune promote resorption inhibit formation. Furthermore, use as therapeutic modalities or biomaterials for diagnosing managing osteoporosis promising. Here, we review current understanding impact homeostasis, including classification biogenesis regulatory present an overview latest research progress treating using EVs. Finally, discuss challenges prospects translational

Language: Английский

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A state-of-the-art review of the recent advances in exosome isolation and detection methods in viral infection

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract Proteins, RNA, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates are only some of the molecular components found in exosomes released by tumor cells. They play an essential role healthy diseased cells as messengers short- long-distance intercellular communication. However, since every kind cell may be blood other bodily fluids, they one day serve biomarkers for a wide range disorders. In many pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, infection, role. It has been shown that biogenesis is analogous to viruses exosomal cargo plays propagation, dissemination, infection several viruses. Bidirectional modulation immune response achieved ability associated with facilitate immunological escape stimulate body's antiviral response. Recently, have received lot interest due their potential therapeutic use viral infections such human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV), Epstein–Barr (EBV), SARS-CoV-2. This article discusses purification procedures detection techniques examines research on biomarker infection. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Exosomes: The emerging mechanisms and potential clinical applications in dermatology

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 1778 - 1795

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Skin tissue, composed of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous is the largest organ human body.It serves as a protective barrier against pathogens physical trauma plays crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.Skin diseases, such psoriasis, dermatitis, vitiligo, are prevalent can seriously impact quality patient life.Exosomes lipid bilayer vesicles derived from multiple cells with conserved biomarkers important mediators intercellular communication.Exosomes skin cells, blood, stem main types exosomes that involved modulating microenvironment.The dysregulation exosome occurrence transmission, well alterations their cargoes, complex pathogenesis inflammatory autoimmune diseases.Therefore, promising diagnostic therapeutic targets for diseases.Importantly, exogenous exosomes, or play improving environment repairing damaged tissues by carrying various specific active substances involving variety pathways.In domain clinical practice, have garnered attention prospective agents including psoriasis vitiligo.Furthermore, investigations substantiated regenerative efficacy cell-derived repair.In this review, we mainly summarize latest studies about mechanisms applications dermatology, atopic systemic lupus erythematosus, sclerosis, diabetic wound healing, hypertrophic scar keloid, aging.This will provide novel perspective diagnosis treatment dermatosis.

Language: Английский

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Insight into the Functional Dynamics and Challenges of Exosomes in Pharmaceutical Innovation and Precision Medicine

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 709 - 709

Published: May 24, 2024

Of all the numerous nanosized extracellular vesicles released by a cell, endosomal-originated exosomes are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutics, owing to their inherent stability, low immunogenicity, and targeted delivery capabilities. This review critically evaluates transformative of exosome-based modalities across pharmaceutical precision medicine landscapes. Because precise biomolecular cargo delivery, posited ideal candidates in drug enhancing regenerative strategies, advancing diagnostic technologies. Despite significant market growth projections exosome therapy, its utilization is encumbered substantial scientific regulatory challenges. These include lack universally accepted protocols for isolation complexities associated with navigating environment, particularly guidelines set forth U.S. Food Drug Administration (FDA). presents comprehensive overview current research trajectories aimed at addressing these impediments discusses prospective advancements that could substantiate clinical translation exosomal therapies. By providing analysis both capabilities hurdles therapeutic applications, this article aims inform direct future paradigms, thereby fostering integration systems into mainstream practice.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes as Powerful Biomarkers in Cancer: Recent Advances in Isolation and Detection Techniques

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 1923 - 1949

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract: Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles derived from cells, are known to carry important bioactive molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These components play crucial roles in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, making exosomes potential diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases. However, current methods detecting face scientific challenges including low sensitivity, poor specificity, complicated procedures, high costs. It is essential surmount these obstacles enhance the precision dependability of diagnostics that rely on exosomes. Merging DNA signal amplification techniques with boosting capabilities nanomaterials presents an encouraging strategy overcome constraints improve exosome detection. This article highlights use technology nanomaterials' enhancement effect detection review seeks offer valuable perspectives applied practical cancer diagnosis prognosis by providing overview how novel technologies utilized exosome-based procedures. Keywords: tumor, exosomes, nanomaterials,

Language: Английский

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Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Derived Exosomes: Immunomodulation, Anticancer, Anti-Aging, Anti-Melanogenesis, Detoxification, and Drug Delivery

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 394 - 394

Published: March 10, 2025

Most eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have the potential to secrete a group of structures/membrane-bound organelles, collectively referred as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which offer several advantages producer/receiver cells. This review provides an overview EVs from plant sources with emphasis on their health-promoting possible use therapeutic agents. highlights essential biological effects plant-derived vesicles, including immune modulation, anticancer activities, protection against chemical toxicity pathogens, well anti-aging, anti-melanogenesis, anti-arthritic effects, along ongoing clinical studies. Evidence revealed that EVs’ contents exert beneficial properties through regulating important signaling pathways by transferring miRNAs other components. Taken all together, data proposed can be utilized nutritional compounds agents, such drug carriers. However, this emerging research area requires further in vitro/in vivo studies trials determine exact underlying mechanisms positive health treating various diseases.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles in Skin Wound Healing

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 811 - 811

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Each year, millions of individuals suffer from a non-healing wound, abnormal scarring, or injuries accompanied by an infection. For these cases, scientists are searching for new therapeutic interventions, which one the most promising is use extracellular vesicles (EVs). Naturally, EV-based signaling takes part in all four wound healing phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Such extensive involvement EVs suggests exploiting their action to modulate impaired phase. Furthermore, next natural capacity, can be engineered better defined pharmaceutical purposes, such as carrying specific cargo targeting destinations labelling them with certain surface proteins. This review aims promote scientific awareness basic translational research summarizing current knowledge about role each stage skin repair recent findings application areas, healing, regeneration, treatment dermal diseases, including stem cell-derived, plant-derived, EVs.

Language: Английский

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Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy for Sensing and Characterization of Exosomes in Cancer Diagnosis

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 2179 - 2179

Published: April 30, 2021

Exosomes are emerging as one of the most intriguing cancer biomarkers in modern oncology for early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring. Concurrently, several nanoplasmonic methods have been applied developed to tackle challenging task enabling rapid, sensitive, affordable analysis exosomes. In this review, we specifically focus our attention on application plasmonic devices exploiting surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) optosensing technique structural interrogation characterization heterogeneous nature We summarized current state-of-art field while illustrating main strategic approaches discuss their advantages limitations.

Language: Английский

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Tumor cell-derived exosomes deliver TIE2 protein to macrophages to promote angiogenesis in cervical cancer

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 529, P. 168 - 179

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domains 2 (TIE2)-expressing macrophages (TEMs) are an angiogenesis-promoting subset of tumor-associated that have been demonstrated to be increased in solid tumors associated the progression cervical cancer. However, induction mechanism TEMs remains unclear. Here, based on multicolor immunofluorescence 58 cancer tissues GEPIA database, we found were TIE2-high related shorter survival. In vitro vivo experiments verified exosomes derived from cells transferred TIE2 protein directly macrophages, thereby inducing TEMs. Similar primary TEMs, induced by tumor-derived promoted angiogenesis, could angiopoietin-2, possessed M2-like phenotype. conclusion, induce transporting promote tumor angiogenesis.

Language: Английский

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