Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Based Nanomedicine

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 119(8), P. 4881 - 4985

Published: April 11, 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in regulating various physiological functions of living organisms. The intrinsic biochemical properties ROS, which underlie the mechanisms necessary for growth, fitness, or aging organisms, have been driving researchers to take full advantage these active chemical contributing medical advances. Thanks remarkable advances nanotechnology, great varieties nanomaterials with unique ROS-regulating explored guide temporospatial dynamic behaviors ROS biological milieu, contributes emergence a new-generation therapeutic methodology, i.e., nanomaterial-guided vivo evolution therapy. interdependent relationship between and their corresponding chemistry, biology, nanotherapy leads us propose concept "ROS science", is believed be emerging scientific discipline that studies mechanisms, effects, nanotherapeutic applications ROS. In this review, state-of-art concerning recent progresses on ROS-based nanotherapies summarized detail, emphasis underlying material chemistry by are generated scavenged improved outcomes. Furthermore, key issues cross-disciplinary fields also discussed, aiming unlock innate powers optimized efficacies. We expect our demonstration evolving field will beneficial further development fundamental researches clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 3183 - 3195

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that involved in the intercellular transportation of materials. Therapeutics, such as small molecules or nucleic acid drugs, can be incorporated into exosomes and then delivered to specific types cells tissues realize targeted drug delivery. Targeted delivery increases local concentration therapeutics minimizes side effects. Here, we present a detailed review engineering through genetic chemical methods for Although still its infancy, exosome-mediated boasts low toxicity, immunogenicity, high engineerability, holds promise cell-free therapies wide range diseases.

Language: Английский

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Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 3684 - 3707

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-150 nm.In both physiological and pathological conditions, nearly all types cells can release exosomes, which play important roles in cell communication epigenetic regulation by transporting crucial protein genetic materials such as miRNA, mRNA, DNA.Consequently, exosome-based disease diagnosis therapeutic methods have been intensively investigated.However, any natural science field, the in-depth investigation exosomes relies heavily on technological advances.Historically, two main technical hindrances that restricted basic applied researches include, first, how to simplify extraction improve yield and, second, effectively distinguish from other vesicles, especially functional microvesicles.Over past few decades, although a standardized exosome isolation method has still not become available, number techniques established through exploration biochemical physicochemical features exosomes.In this work, comprehensively analyzing progresses separation strategies, we provide panoramic view current techniques, providing perspectives toward development novel approaches for high-efficient various biological matrices.In addition, perspective therapeutics, emphasize issue quantitative microvesicle separation.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Nanoparticles and Their Targeted Delivery Applications

Molecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 2193 - 2193

Published: May 8, 2020

Nanotechnology offers many advantages in various fields of science. In this regard, nanoparticles are the essential building blocks nanotechnology. Recent advances nanotechnology have proven that acquire a great potential medical applications. Formation stable interactions with ligands, variability size and shape, high carrier capacity, convenience binding both hydrophilic hydrophobic substances make favorable platforms for target-specific controlled delivery micro- macromolecules disease therapy. Nanoparticles combined therapeutic agents overcome problems associated conventional therapy; however, some issues like side effects toxicity still debated should be well concerned before their utilization biological systems. It is therefore important to understand specific properties strategies. Here, we provide an overview on unique features We emphasize type clinically used specificity applications, as current strategies diseases such cancer, infectious, autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, ocular, pulmonary diseases. Understanding characteristics environment will enable us establish novel treatment, prevention, diagnosis diseases, particularly untreatable ones.

Language: Английский

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Effect of exosomal miRNA on cancer biology and clinical applications

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Oct. 11, 2018

Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, are widely present in various body fluids. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified exosomes, the biogenesis, release, and uptake of which may involve endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT complex) relevant proteins. After exosomes taken up by neighboring or distant cells, miRNAs contained within modulate such processes as interfering tumor immunity microenvironment, possibly facilitating growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis drug resistance. Therefore, exosomal a significant function regulating cancer progression. Here, we briefly review recent findings regarding tumor-derived including RNA delivering mechanism. We then describe intercommunication occurring between different cells via microenvironmnt, impacts on proliferation, vascularization, metastasis other biological characteristics. Finally, highlight potential role these molecules biomarkers diagnosis prognosis resistance therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes as a new frontier of cancer liquid biopsy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2022

Abstract Liquid biopsy, characterized by minimally invasive detection through biofluids such as blood, saliva, and urine, has emerged a revolutionary strategy for cancer diagnosis prognosis prediction. Exosomes are subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that shuttle molecular cargoes from donor cells to recipient play crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Increasing studies suggest exosomes have great promise serve novel biomarkers liquid since large quantities enriched body fluids involved numerous physiological pathological processes. However, the further clinical application been greatly restrained lack high-quality separation component analysis methods. This review aims provide comprehensive overview on conventional technologies exosome isolation, characterization content detection. Additionally, roles serving potential biopsy diagnosis, treatment monitoring, prediction summarized. Finally, prospects challenges applying exosome-based precision medicine evaluated.

Language: Английский

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Recent advancements in the use of exosomes as drug delivery systems

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Oct. 16, 2018

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the substances that released by most types of cells and have an important role in cell to communication. Among highly researched EVs exosome. Recent studies show exosomes derived from different roles targets. Many exosome can efficiently deliver many kinds cargo target cell. Therefore, they often used therapeutic for treatment. The been include both natural ones those modified with other increase delivery ability. This article provides a review various their ability delivering

Language: Английский

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Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source

Drug Delivery, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 585 - 598

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are nanosized membrane derived from most cell types. Carrying diverse biomolecules their parent cells, EVs important mediators of intercellular communication thus play significant roles in physiological pathological processes. Owing to natural biogenesis process, generated with high biocompatibility, enhanced stability, limited immunogenicity, which provide multiple advantages as drug delivery systems (DDSs) over traditional synthetic vehicles. have been reported be used for the siRNAs, miRNAs, protein, small molecule drugs, nanoparticles, CRISPR/Cas9 treatment various diseases. As a vectors, can penetrate into tissues bioengineered enhance targetability. Although EVs' characteristics make them ideal delivery, EV-based remains challenging, due lack standardized isolation purification methods, loading efficiency, insufficient clinical grade production. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on application DDS perspective different origin weighted bottlenecks DDS.

Language: Английский

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The biology, function, and applications of exosomes in cancer

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 2783 - 2797

Published: Jan. 10, 2021

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles with diameters from 30 to 150 nm, released upon fusion of multivesicular bodies the cell surface. They can transport nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids for intercellular communication activate signaling pathways in target cells. In cancers, exosomes may participate growth metastasis tumors by regulating immune response, blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition, promoting angiogenesis. also involved development resistance chemotherapeutic drugs. liquid biopsies be used as non-invasive biomarkers early detection diagnosis cancers. Because their amphipathic structure, natural drug delivery vehicles cancer therapy.

Language: Английский

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Isolation and characterization of exosomes for cancer research

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 10, 2020

Abstract Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that carry specific combinations proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids. Mounting evidence suggests exosomes participate in intercellular communication act as important molecular vehicles the regulation numerous physiological pathological processes, including cancer development. released by various cell types under both normal conditions, they can be found multiple bodily fluids. Moreover, carrying wide variety macromolecules provide window into altered cellular or tissue states. Their presence biological fluids renders them an attractive, minimally invasive approach for liquid biopsies with potential biomarkers diagnosis, prediction, surveillance. Due to their biocompatibility low immunogenicity cytotoxicity, have clinical applications development innovative therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize recent advances technologies exosome isolation research. We outline functions regulating tumor metastasis, drug resistance, immune modulation context Finally, discuss prospects challenges exosome-based therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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