The glymphatic system: A new insight into the understanding of neurological diseases DOI Creative Commons
Junbo Liao,

Zhihan An,

Quan Cheng

et al.

Brain‐X, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(4)

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Abstract The glymphatic system (GS) is a newly discovered transport in the central nervous (CNS) that plays crucial role maintaining homeostasis by facilitating clearance of metabolic waste and fluid transport. This groundbreaking discovery has significantly advanced our understanding CNS physiology. Historically, brain was thought to lack lymphatic system, leaving its mechanisms for largely enigmatic. review elaborates on anatomical structures GS, including perivascular space, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) channels, meningeal as well their functional dynamics, elucidate GS's mechanism. It also explores key factors influencing GS activity, such sleep, arterial pulsation, aging, pharmacological interventions. Moreover, it examines implications dysfunction various neurological diseases, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, discusses latest diagnostic therapeutic strategies targeting this vital system. Understanding not only provides new insights into pathophysiology diseases but opens novel avenues interventions enhance health mitigate neurodegenerative processes.

Language: Английский

Simvastatin alleviates glymphatic system damage via the VEGF-C/VEGFR3/PI3K-Akt pathway after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage DOI Creative Commons
Junbo Liao,

Yingxing Duan,

Yaxue Liu

et al.

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 216, P. 111045 - 111045

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Current clinical practice primarily relies on surgical intervention to remove hematomas in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), given the lack of effective drug therapies. Previous research indicates that simvastatin (SIM) may enhance hematoma absorption and resolution acute phase ICH, though precise mechanisms remain unclear. Recent findings have highlighted glymphatic system (GS) as a crucial component intracranial cerebrospinal fluid circulation, playing significant role clearance post-ICH. This study investigates link between SIM efficacy GS. Our experimental results show alleviates GS damage ICH-induced rats, resulting improved outcomes such reduced brain edema, neuronal apoptosis, degeneration. Further analysis reveals SIM's effects are mediated through VEGF-C/VEGFR3/PI3K-Akt pathway. advances our understanding mechanism promoting underscores potential targeting for ICH treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Hydrocephalus Pathophysiology and Epidemiology DOI
Lauren N. Schulz,

Asma Redwan,

Sara Edwards

et al.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 113 - 126

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Complex Hydrocephalus in Children: Procedure of Surgical Management DOI Creative Commons

Yijian Yang,

Junqiang Wang, Kaiyue Wang

et al.

Innovative Journal of Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(3)

Published: April 12, 2025

Background: Currently, the treatment of hydrocephalus in children involves numerous operations and often results poor prognosis, complicating their condition. Objectives: To reduce number improve pediatric complex hydrocephalus, we propose a definition surgical procedure. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed data from patients with admitted to Xiangya Hospital between January 2019 2024. The include basic demographic characteristics, etiology, factors, surgery, prognosis. We analyzed therapeutic effect new management procedure on children. Additionally, refined valuable experiences previous studies by extensively reviewing literature integrating it our clinical work. Results: collected 114 including 72 males 42 females. There were 5 aged within 1 month, 38 month year, 71 year 14 years. According etiology risk factors for failure, there 20 premature infants very low birth weight, 54 intracranial hemorrhage, 59 infection, 24 multiloculated 26 who had undergone surgeries. These underwent total 279 surgeries, ranging 7 per patient, an average 2.4 surgeries patient. Of these, 35 involved extra ventricular drainage Ommaya reservoir, 22 cyst fenestration, 91 ventriculoperitoneal shunt, ventriculoatrial 25 endoscopic third ventriculostomy, 17 choroid plexus cauterization, 84 other types After mean follow-up time 5.4 months, 113 experienced symptom relief post-surgery, 79 showed normalization ventricles imaging, 94 normal cognition, 89 development, 87 function, 81 complications, required reoperations, survived. More specific information statistical comparison are shown table. Different responsiveness surgery weight full-term is Conclusions: comprehensive which includes cases requiring multiple associated hemorrhage and/or preterm weight. A was summarized. Early identification diagnosis enable personalized approaches, divided into two stages. Postoperative regular radiological examinations essential assess system restoration promptly identify any changes patient's condition, facilitating implementation necessary interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Neural Stem Cell Changes and Spatial Distribution of AQP4 Expression in a Fetal Goat Model of Obstructive Hydrocephalus DOI Creative Commons

Xinting Ji,

Qin Zhang,

Yuantao Yang

et al.

IBRO Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Meningeal lymphatic drainage: novel insights into central nervous system disease DOI Creative Commons
Qiang Zhang, Yin Niu,

Yingpei Li

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 4, 2025

Abstract In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that meningeal lymphatic drainage plays a significant role in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Studies have indicated CNS diseases and conditions associated with dysfunction include neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, infections, traumatic brain injury, tumors, functional cranial disorders, hydrocephalus. However, the understanding of regulatory damage mechanisms lymphatics under physiological pathological is currently limited. Given importance profound interplay between this review covers seven key aspects: development structure vessels, methods for observing lymphatics, function molecular relationships vessels potential conclusions outstanding questions. We will explore relationship development, structure, current both animal models humans, identify unresolved points research. The aim to provide new directions future research therapeutic strategies targeting by critically analyzing advancements field, identifying gaps knowledge, proposing innovative approaches address these gaps.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Spatiotemporal dynamic changes of meningeal microenvironment influence meningeal lymphatic function following subarachnoid hemorrhage: from inflammatory response to tissue remodeling DOI Creative Commons

Bingrui Zhu,

Changming Liu, Ming Luo

et al.

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: May 16, 2025

Meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) play a critical role in clearing erythrocytes from the subarachnoid space and immune cells brain parenchyma following hemorrhage (SAH). However, drainage function of mLVs is impaired during acute stage after SAH gradually recovers subacute phase. We aimed to investigate meningeal transcriptional response post-SAH elucidate dynamic influence microenvironment on function. employed bioinformatics analysis single-cell RNA sequencing spatial transcriptomics characterize spatiotemporal changes early post-SAH. In mouse model SAH, potential growth factor that promoted repair were further investigated validated. During phase, myeloid infiltrated meninges triggered inflammatory responses. fibroblast population expanded significantly, contributing tissue remodeling. The interplay between fibroblasts regulated cell migration phenotypic transition, potentially affecting mLVs. Notably, placental (PGF) emerged as most prominent ligand within VEGF signaling pathway received by endothelial (mLECs) This event was associated with recovery Our study revealed transformation an "inflammatory response" phase "tissue remodeling" SAH. Monocyte-derived macrophages self-recruiting neutrophils contributed impairment stage, while PGF might serve key promoting response. These findings provided novel insights into cellular dynamics underlying dysfunction

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Neuroinflammatory pathways and potential therapeutic targets in neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus DOI
Lauren N. Schulz, Abin Varghese, Marie Michenkova

et al.

Pediatric Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Therapeutic approaches to CNS diseases via the meningeal lymphatic and glymphatic system: prospects and challenges DOI Creative Commons
Rui Zhang, Jiuhong Li, Xueying Li

et al.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

The brain has traditionally been considered an "immune-privileged" organ lacking a lymphatic system. However, recent studies have challenged this view by identifying the presence of glymphatic system and meningeal vessels (MLVs). These discoveries offer new opportunities for waste clearance treatment central nervous (CNS) diseases. Various strategies developed based on these pathways, including modulation function, enhancement drainage, utilization routes drug delivery. Consequently, review explores developmental features physiological roles cerebral as well its significance in various CNS disorders. Notably, ameliorating diseases discussed with focus enhancing MLVs functionality through factors along implementing pharmacological physical treatments. Additionally, emphasis is placed potential use delivery while envisioning future directions terms mechanisms, applications, translational research.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Mechanisms of hydrocephalus after intraventricular haemorrhage: a review DOI
Wenbiao Wu,

Qingsong Li

Child s Nervous System, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41(1)

Published: Dec. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The glymphatic system: A new insight into the understanding of neurological diseases DOI Creative Commons
Junbo Liao,

Zhihan An,

Quan Cheng

et al.

Brain‐X, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(4)

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Abstract The glymphatic system (GS) is a newly discovered transport in the central nervous (CNS) that plays crucial role maintaining homeostasis by facilitating clearance of metabolic waste and fluid transport. This groundbreaking discovery has significantly advanced our understanding CNS physiology. Historically, brain was thought to lack lymphatic system, leaving its mechanisms for largely enigmatic. review elaborates on anatomical structures GS, including perivascular space, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) channels, meningeal as well their functional dynamics, elucidate GS's mechanism. It also explores key factors influencing GS activity, such sleep, arterial pulsation, aging, pharmacological interventions. Moreover, it examines implications dysfunction various neurological diseases, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, discusses latest diagnostic therapeutic strategies targeting this vital system. Understanding not only provides new insights into pathophysiology diseases but opens novel avenues interventions enhance health mitigate neurodegenerative processes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0