Reduced human disturbance increases diurnal activity in wolves, but not Eurasian lynx DOI Creative Commons
Adam F. Smith, Katharina Kasper, Lorenzo Lazzeri

et al.

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53, P. e02985 - e02985

Published: May 15, 2024

Wildlife in the Anthropocene is increasingly constrained both spatially and temporally by lethal non-lethal human disturbance. For large carnivores with extensive space requirements, like wolves Eurasian lynx, avoiding disturbance European landscapes challenging when sufficient low rarely available. Consequently, investigating behavioural adjustments to presence critical understanding capacity adapt We hypothesised that under conditions, would adjust their temporal behaviours make use of daytime, daytime high, they opt for nocturnality. Using camera trap data from nine study sites along a gradient disturbance, we analysed wolf lynx nocturnality diel activity patterns. Our spanned multiple years 2014 – 2022, focused analysis on September until April, most carnivore monitoring takes place. wolves, our revealed i) increased nocturnal activity, ii) decreased diurnal overlap iii) significant association between probability increasing found iv) consistently across all sites, regardless v) no be active during night. results show can or cathemeral but quickly shift increases. however, maintain behaviour, which attribute principal hunting strategy stalk ambush. If constrains nighttime, it could lead changes interactions prey. On other hand, maintaining human-dominated may beneficial conservation, decreasing thereby contributing landscape coexistence.

Language: Английский

Same place, different time, head up: Multiple antipredator responses to a recolonizing apex predator DOI Creative Commons
Bruno Esattore,

Agnese Carlotta Rossi,

Francesco Bazzoni

et al.

Current Zoology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 69(6), P. 703 - 717

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Prey adjust their antipredator behavioral tactics to minimize the risk of an encounter with predators. Spatiotemporal responses prey predators have been reported, but nature response is not ubiquitous and it object increasing interest, especially considering recent recovery large carnivores in Europe, potential for elicit consequences at ecosystem level. We tested multiple by fallow deer Dama dama wolf Canis lupus a Mediterranean protected area recently recolonized this apex predator. Through intensive camera trapping, we temporal spatial association between predator prey, also studied vigilance forest habitats where focal observations are usually impossible. Wolf detection rates were spatially associated those deer. Accordingly, no evidence was found avoiding sites higher rates. Temporal activity patterns significantly different 2 species, being mainly nocturnal whereas active during daylight. A comparison preliminary study strongly suggests increase diurnal along stabilization presence area. Both rate duration female increased local frequency activity. suggest based on temporal-rather than spatial-avoidance, as well vigilance.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Emerging infectious disease triggered a trophic cascade and enhanced recruitment of a masting tree DOI Open Access
Michał Bogdziewicz, Dries P. J. Kuijper, Rafał Zwolak

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1970)

Published: March 2, 2022

There are several mechanisms that allow plants to temporarily escape from top-down control. One of them is trophic cascades triggered by top predators or pathogens. Another satiation consumers mast seeding. These two have traditionally been studied in separation. However, their combined action may a greater effect on plant release than either process alone. In 2015, an outbreak disease (African swine fever, ASF) caused crash wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) abundance Białowieża Primeval Forest. Wild important acorns and difficult satiate relative less mobile granivores. We hypothesized the joint ASF masting would enhance regeneration oaks Quercus robur ). Data ungulate exclosures demonstrated led reduction acorn predation. Tree seedling data indicated oak recruitment increased twofold pre-epidemic period. Our results showed perturbations wildlife travel through food webs influence forest dynamics. The acted synergistically with removed herbivore control consumers. This illustrates epidemic currently occurs across Europe can broad effects

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Herbivore‐induced branching increases sapling survival in temperate forest canopy gaps DOI
Marcin Churski, Tristan Charles‐Dominique, Jakub W. Bubnicki

et al.

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(6), P. 1390 - 1402

Published: March 28, 2022

Abstract Tree architectures reflect the main abiotic and biotic selection pressures determining tree growth survival. Studies have shown that trees growing in herbivore‐dominated ecosystems, such as savannas, develop denser, more divaricate ‘cage’‐like response to chronic browsing pressure (also known ‘brown world’ architectures). In contrast, under resource‐limited conditions traits allow them better compete for resources (referred ‘green architectures); example, light limitation can induce form pole‐like structures grow faster height. temperate forests, drivers traditionally been assumed be factors affecting plant architecture. However, gap dynamics typically characterize old‐growth where disturbances storms create gaps with temporary high‐light availability, but also attracting intense mammalian browsing. Under conditions, one would expect saplings exhibit high architectural plasticity enabling a ‘cage’ herbivore pressure, when declines switch structure allows quickly height light. We tested ability of five dominant European species architecture (hereafter referred ‘cage plasticity’) contrasting herbivory regimes full‐factorial experiment Białowieża Forest. planted 720 young six replicated blocks which we manipulated ungulate (exclosure vs. control) levels (gap closed forest). Two out (hornbeam Carpinus betulus lime Tilia cordata ) were able cage exposed herbivores only conditions. These two had highest survival rates treatment over 10‐year period. Synthesis . Cage forest may an overlooked adaptation mammal originating past large mammals exerted strong ecosystems. Our findings challenge view closed‐canopy communities being solely driven by call re‐evaluation importance shaping functional species.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
How do forest management and wolf space-use affect diet composition of the wolf’s main prey, the red deer versus a non-prey species, the European bison? DOI
Marcin Churski, Robert L. Spitzer, Éric Coissac

et al.

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 479, P. 118620 - 118620

Published: Oct. 4, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Reduced human disturbance increases diurnal activity in wolves, but not Eurasian lynx DOI Creative Commons
Adam F. Smith, Katharina Kasper, Lorenzo Lazzeri

et al.

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53, P. e02985 - e02985

Published: May 15, 2024

Wildlife in the Anthropocene is increasingly constrained both spatially and temporally by lethal non-lethal human disturbance. For large carnivores with extensive space requirements, like wolves Eurasian lynx, avoiding disturbance European landscapes challenging when sufficient low rarely available. Consequently, investigating behavioural adjustments to presence critical understanding capacity adapt We hypothesised that under conditions, would adjust their temporal behaviours make use of daytime, daytime high, they opt for nocturnality. Using camera trap data from nine study sites along a gradient disturbance, we analysed wolf lynx nocturnality diel activity patterns. Our spanned multiple years 2014 – 2022, focused analysis on September until April, most carnivore monitoring takes place. wolves, our revealed i) increased nocturnal activity, ii) decreased diurnal overlap iii) significant association between probability increasing found iv) consistently across all sites, regardless v) no be active during night. results show can or cathemeral but quickly shift increases. however, maintain behaviour, which attribute principal hunting strategy stalk ambush. If constrains nighttime, it could lead changes interactions prey. On other hand, maintaining human-dominated may beneficial conservation, decreasing thereby contributing landscape coexistence.

Language: Английский

Citations

2