Sex Ratios in a Warming World: Thermal Effects on Sex-Biased Survival, Sex Determination, and Sex Reversal DOI Open Access
Suzanne Edmands

Journal of Heredity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 112(2), P. 155 - 164

Published: Feb. 10, 2021

Abstract Rising global temperatures threaten to disrupt population sex ratios, which can in turn cause mate shortages, reduce growth and adaptive potential, increase extinction risk, particularly when ratios are male biased. Sex ratio distortion then have cascading effects across other species even ecosystems. Our understanding of the problem is limited by how often studies measure temperature both sexes. To address this, current review surveyed 194 published heat tolerance, finding that majority did not mention individuals used, with <10% reporting results for males females separately. Although data incomplete, this assessed phylogenetic patterns thermally induced bias 3 different mechanisms: sex-biased temperature-dependent determination (TSD), temperature-induced reversal. For documented examples span a large taxonomic range including arthropods, chordates, protists, plants. Here, superior tolerance more common than males, but direction appears be phylogenetically fluid, perhaps due number contributing factors. TSD, well-documented reptiles, where high usually favors females, fishes, consistently males. reversal, unambiguous cases again vertebrates, fishes amphibians, mixed reptiles. There urgent need further work on full extent distortion, joint multiple mechanisms.

Language: Английский

Sex bias and omission in neuroscience research is influenced by research model and journal, but not reported NIH funding DOI

Gabriella M Mamlouk,

David M. Dorris,

Lily R. Barrett

et al.

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 57, P. 100835 - 100835

Published: Feb. 15, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

108
Sex-specific changes in metabolism during the transition from chow to high-fat diet feeding are abolished in response to dieting in C57BL/6J mice DOI Creative Commons

Jennifer Oraha,

Ronaldo F. Enriquez,

Herbert Herzog

et al.

International Journal of Obesity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46(10), P. 1749 - 1758

Published: July 6, 2022

Abstract Background/Objective Female mice are often excluded from diet-induced obesity studies as they more resistant to the obesifying effects of a high-fat diet (HFD). However, underlying mechanisms behind this sex disparity may actually have important implications for development and management in humans. Therefore, we systematically investigated immediate sex-specific transitioning HFD C57BL/6J well monitored whether these altered after sustained feeding affects response return chow, representative dieting. Methods Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis body composition, indirect calorimetry measurements, qPCR hypothalamic brainstem regions were performed on male female mice. Results had dramatic males, increasing fat mass by 58% first 3 days. The resistance effect females was linked both an ability maintain activity levels significantly enhanced reduction respiratory quotient (RQ), suggesting greater utilise source fuel. Mechanistically, be at least partially due inherent differences catabolic (POMC/CART) versus anabolic (NPY/AgRP) neurological signalling pathways. Interestingly, reintroduction chow following consistent responses between sexes with composition most metabolic parameters normalised within displayed elevated Npy reminiscent starvation. difference RQ seen immediately abolished similar abilities burn reserves Conclusions markedly different behavioural introduction intake HFD, but dieting situation.

Language: Английский

Citations

51
Sex-specific morphs: the genetics and evolution of intra-sexual variation DOI
Judith E. Mank

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 44 - 52

Published: Aug. 15, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Methods for Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB): A Systematic Review and Guidelines DOI Creative Commons
Jaume F. Lalanza, Sonia Lorente,

Raimon Bullich

et al.

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(3), P. 275 - 297

Published: March 14, 2023

Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB) has been widely used to improve cardiovascular health and well-being. HRVB is based on breathing at an individual's resonance frequency, which stimulates respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) the baroreflex. There is, however, no methodological consensus how apply HRVB, while details about protocol are often not well reported. Thus, objectives of this systematic review describe different protocols detect concerns. PsycINFO, CINALH, Medline Web Science were searched between 2000 April 2021. Data extraction quality assessment PRISMA guidelines. A total 143 studies finally included from any scientific field type sample. Three for found: (i) "Optimal RF" (n = 37), each participant breathes their previously detected RF; (ii) "Individual 48), follows a biofeedback device that shows optimal rate data in real time, (iii) "Preset-pace 51), all participants breathe same rate, usually 6 breaths/minute. In addition, we found several differences applying terms number weeks, duration or combination laboratory home sessions. Remarkably, almost 2/3 did report enough information replicate duration, inhalation/exhalation ratio, control body position. Methodological guidelines checklist proposed enhance future increase

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Estimates of persistent inward currents in lower limb motoneurons are larger in females than in males DOI
Sophia T. Jenz, James A. Beauchamp, Matheus Machado Gomes

et al.

Journal of Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 129(6), P. 1322 - 1333

Published: April 25, 2023

Noninvasive recordings of motor unit (MU) spike trains help us understand how the nervous system controls movement and it adapts to various physiological conditions. The majority participants in human nonhuman animal physiology studies are male, is assumed that mechanisms uncovered these shared between males females. However, sex differences neurological impairment physical performance warrant study as a biological variable performance. To begin addressing this gap biophysical properties motoneurons, we quantified MU discharge rates estimates persistent inward current (PIC) magnitude both sexes. We decomposed from tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), soleus (SOL) using high-density surface electromyography blind source separation algorithms. Ten each performed slow triangular (10 s up down) isometric contractions peak 30% their maximum voluntary contraction. then used linear mixed-effects models determine if rate PICs were predicted by fixed effects sex, muscle, interaction. Despite lack sex-differences across all muscles, larger [χ

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Multivariate Models of Animal Sex: Breaking Binaries Leads to a Better Understanding of Ecology and Evolution DOI Creative Commons
Jessica F. McLaughlin, Kinsey M. Brock,

Isabella Gates

et al.

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(4), P. 891 - 906

Published: May 8, 2023

"Sex" is often used to describe a suite of phenotypic and genotypic traits an organism related reproduction. However, these traits-gamete type, chromosomal inheritance, physiology, morphology, behavior, etc.-are not necessarily coupled, the rhetorical collapse variation into single term elides much complexity inherent in sexual phenotypes. We argue that consideration "sex" as constructed category operating at multiple biological levels opens up new avenues for inquiry our study variation. apply this framework three case studies illustrate diversity sex variation, from decoupling phenotypes evolutionary ecological consequences intrasexual polymorphisms. instead assuming binary systems, some may be better categorized multivariate nonbinary. Finally, we conduct meta-analysis terms scientific literature highlight how model can clarify, rather than cloud, within across species. such expanded equips us understand processes, biologists, it incumbent upon push back against misunderstandings biology enact harm on marginalized communities.

Language: Английский

Citations

32
Beyond sex differences: short- and long-term effects of pregnancy on the brain DOI
Tanvi A. Puri, Jennifer E. Richard, Liisa A.M. Galea

et al.

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(6), P. 459 - 471

Published: April 27, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

31
Sex differences in drug effects and/or toxicity in oncology DOI Creative Commons

H T Rakshith,

S Lohita,

Anvil Preem Rebello

et al.

Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 100152 - 100152

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The prevalence, incidence, and severity of a wide variety diseases ailments are significantly influenced by the significant disparities that occur between sexes. way men women react to pharmacological treatment also varies. Therefore, it is crucial comprehend these reactions in order conduct risk assessment correctly develop safe efficient therapies. Even from limited vantage point, manner timing our drug usage might have unintended unanticipated consequences. There sex-specific differences incidence mortality certain malignancies. One most important discoveries cancer epidemiology gender inequalities. Cancer sexes thought be regulated at genetic molecular levels sex hormones like oestrogen. Differences based on among least investigated factors impacting susceptibility, progression, survival, therapy response despite their established importance clinical care. mechanisms underlying particular poorly known, hence majority precision medicine approaches employ mutational or other data assign without taking into account how patient's may affect therapeutic efficacy. In patients receiving chemotherapy, there definite gender-dependent rates likelihood side effects. This review explores influence as biological variable effects toxicity oncology.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Why and How to Account for Sex and Gender in Brain and Behavioral Research DOI Creative Commons
Lise Eliot, Annaliese K. Beery, Emily G. Jacobs

et al.

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(37), P. 6344 - 6356

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Long overlooked in neuroscience research, sex and gender are increasingly included as key variables potentially impacting all levels of neurobehavioral analysis. Still, many neuroscientists do not understand the difference between terms “sex” “gender,” complexity nuance each, or how to best include them research designs. This TechSights article outlines rationales for considering influence across taxa, provides technical guidance strengthening rigor reproducibility such analyses. includes use appropriate statistical methods comparing groups well controls covariates (e.g., total intracranial volume) income, caregiver stress, bias). We also recommend approaches interpreting communicating sex- gender-related findings about brain, which have often been misconstrued by lay public alike.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Male–female comparisons are powerful in biomedical research — don’t abandon them DOI Creative Commons
Arthur P. Arnold, Sabra L. Klein, Margaret M. McCarthy

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 629(8010), P. 37 - 40

Published: May 1, 2024

Binary sex studies have been denounced as too simplistic, but dropping them altogether would impede progress in a long-neglected area of biomedicine.

Language: Английский

Citations

14