Medial and orbital frontal cortex in decision-making and flexible behavior

Neuron, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(17), P. 2743 - 2770

Published: June 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Locus Coeruleus Norepinephrine in Learned Behavior: Anatomical Modularity and Spatiotemporal Integration in Targets

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 7, 2021

The locus coeruleus (LC), a small brainstem nucleus, is the primary source of neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) in brain. LC receives input from widespread brain regions, and projects throughout forebrain, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord. neurons release NE to control arousal, but also context variety sensory-motor behavioral functions. Despite its brain-wide effects, much about role LC-NE behavior circuits controlling activity unknown. New evidence suggests that modular input-output organization could enable transient, task-specific modulation distinct regions. Future work must further assess whether this spatial modularity coincides with functional differences subpopulations acting at specific times, how such spatiotemporal specificity might influence learned behaviors. Here, we summarize state field present new ideas on

Language: Английский

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Coupling of pupil- and neuronal population dynamics reveals diverse influences of arousal on cortical processing

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

Fluctuations in arousal, controlled by subcortical neuromodulatory systems, continuously shape cortical state, with profound consequences for information processing. Yet, how arousal signals influence population activity detail has so far only been characterized a few selected brain regions. Traditional accounts conceptualize as homogeneous modulator of neural across the cerebral cortex. Recent insights, however, point to higher specificity effects on different components and Here, we provide comprehensive account relationships between fluctuations neuronal human brain. Exploiting established link pupil size central performed concurrent magnetoencephalographic (MEG) pupillographic recordings large number participants, pooled three laboratories. We found cascade relative peak timing spontaneous dilations: Decreases low-frequency (2–8 Hz) temporal lateral frontal cortex, followed increased high-frequency (>64 mid-frontal regions, monotonic inverted U intermediate frequency-range (8–32 occipito-parietal Pupil-linked also coincided widespread changes structure aperiodic component activity, indicative excitation-inhibition balance underlying microcircuits. Our results novel basis studying modulation cognitive computations circuits.

Language: Английский

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Cholinergic and noradrenergic axonal activity contains a behavioral-state signal that is coordinated across the dorsal cortex

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 27, 2023

Fluctuations in brain and behavioral state are supported by broadly projecting neuromodulatory systems. In this study, we use mesoscale two-photon calcium imaging to examine spontaneous activity of cholinergic noradrenergic axons awake mice order determine the interaction between arousal/movement transitions across dorsal cortex at distances separated up 4 mm. We confirm that GCaMP6s within axonal projections both basal forebrain locus coeruleus neurons track arousal, indexed as pupil diameter, changes engagement, reflected bouts whisker movement and/or locomotion. The broad coordination even distant segments indicates these systems can communicate, part, through a global signal, especially relation state. addition coordinated activity, also find evidence subpopulation may exhibit heterogeneity appears be independent our measures By monitoring interneurons cortex, found cells state-dependent (arousal/movement) activity. These results demonstrate provide prominent synchronized signal related state, therefore contribute cortical excitability.

Language: Английский

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The impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on anterior cingulate cortex activity in a cognitive control task

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 62(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) offers a non‐invasive method to enhance noradrenergic neurotransmission in the human brain, thereby increasing cognitive control. Here, we investigate if changes control induced by tVNS are mediated through locus coeruleus‐induced modifications of neural activity anterior cingulate cortex. Young healthy participants engaged simple task focusing on response inhibition and more complex that involved both working memory, inside magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The tasks were executed using randomized within‐subject design, with undergoing auricular sham separate sessions. significantly changed performance reflected greater propensity respond. Furthermore, observed significant increase cortex during under tVNS. Functional connectivity analyses revealed positive coupling between coeruleus cortex, however, this was not modulated findings suggest can modulate While these effects an impact key region conflict monitoring control, behavioral indicative shift bias rather than enhanced

Language: Английский

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Brainstem Modulation of Large-Scale Intrinsic Cortical Activity Correlations

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 9, 2019

Brain activity fluctuates continuously, even in the absence of changes sensory input or motor output. These intrinsic fluctuations are correlated across brain regions and spatially organized macroscale networks. Variations strength, topography, topology occur over time, unfold upon a backbone long-range anatomical connections. Subcortical neuromodulatory systems send widespread ascending projections to cortex, thus ideally situated shape temporal spatial structure correlations. also targets pharmacological treatment major neurological psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, depression, schizophrenia. Here, we review recent work that has investigated how correlations large-scale cortical activity. We discuss studies human, monkey, rodent brain, with focus on non-invasive recordings human provide structured but selective overview this distill number emerging principles. Future efforts chart effect specific neuromodulators and, particular, receptors, may help identify shared antagonistic principles between different systems. Such can inform models healthy function an important reference for understanding altered dynamics evident potentially paving way mechanistically-inspired biomarkers individualized treatments these disorders.

Language: Английский

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The Neuromodulatory Role of the Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Systems and Their Interplay in Cognitive Functions: A Focused Review

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 890 - 890

Published: July 7, 2022

The noradrenergic and cholinergic modulation of functionally distinct regions the brain has become one primary organizational principles behind understanding contribution each system to diversity neural computation in central nervous system. Decades work shown that a diverse family receptors, stratified across different regions, circuit-specific afferent efferent projections play critical role helping such widespread neuromodulatory systems obtain substantial heterogeneity information processing. This review briefly discusses anatomical layout both systems, as well types distributions relevant receptors for Previous characterizing direct indirect interaction between these two is discussed, especially context higher order cognitive functions attention, learning, decision-making process. Though amount been done characterize neuromodulator, cohesive region-specific cooperation not yet fully realized. For field progress, new experiments will need be conducted capitalize on modular subdivisions systematically explore norepinephrine acetylcholine subunits full range expressed cell regions.

Language: Английский

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EEG and pupillometric signatures of working memory overload

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60(6)

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Abstract Understanding the physiological correlates of cognitive overload has implications for gauging limits human cognition, developing novel methods to define overload, and mitigating negative outcomes associated with overload. Most previous psychophysiological studies manipulated verbal working memory load in a narrow range (an average 5 items). It is unclear, however, how nervous system responds exceeding typical capacity limits. The objective current study was characterize central autonomic changes by means combined recording electroencephalogram (EEG) pupillometry. Eighty‐six participants were presented digit span task involving serial auditory presentation items. Each trial consisted sequences either 5, 9, or 13 digits, each separated 2 s. Both theta activity pupil size, after initial rise, expressed pattern short plateau decrease reaching state indicating that size possibly have similar neural mechanisms. Based on described above triphasic temporal dynamics, we concluded causes systems reset, release effort. Although exceeded effort released (as indicated dilation), alpha continued increasing load. These results suggest associating focus attention distractor suppression not warranted.

Language: Английский

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Grounding the Attentional Boost Effect in Events and the Efficient Brain

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 22, 2022

Attention and memory for everyday experiences vary over time, wherein some moments are better attended subsequently remembered than others. These effects have been demonstrated in naturalistic viewing tasks with complex relatively uncontrolled stimuli, as well more controlled laboratory simpler stimuli. For example, the attentional boost effect (ABE), participants perform two at once: memorizing a series of briefly presented stimuli (e.g., pictures outdoor scenes) later test, responding to other concurrently cues that meet pre-defined criteria press button blue target square do nothing red distractor square). However, rather increasing dual-task interference, attending cue boosts, impairs, subsequent information. In this review we describe current data on extent limitations whether it may be related activity locus coeruleus neuromodulatory system. We suggest insight into mechanisms produce found recent advances literature from understanding how neurocognitive system handles stability change events. consequently propose updates an early account effect, interaction model, ground what is currently known about event cognition role LC plays regulating brain states.

Language: Английский

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Norepinephrine system at the interface of attention and reward

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 125, P. 110751 - 110751

Published: March 16, 2023

Language: Английский

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