The Neuropsychology of Anxiety

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract The Neuropsychology of Anxiety first appeared in 1982 as the volume Oxford Psychology Series, and it quickly established itself classic work on subject. It second edition (appearing 2000) have been cited at a steadily increasing rate passing 500/year 2017. field has continued to expand last quarter century necessitating this third edition. This completely updated revised (with many figures converted colour) retains original core concepts while expanding often simplifying details. includes new chapter prefrontal cortex, which integrates frontal hippocampal views anxiety an extensively modified personality providing basis for further developments Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. book is essential postgraduate students researchers experimental psychology neuroscience, well all clinical psychologists psychiatrists.

Language: Английский

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Imagination as a fundamental function of the hippocampus

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1866)

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

Imagination is a biological function that vital to human experience and advanced cognition. Despite this importance, it remains unknown how imagination realized in the brain. Substantial research focusing on hippocampus, brain structure traditionally linked memory, indicates firing patterns spatially tuned neurons can represent previous upcoming paths space. This work has generally been interpreted under standard views hippocampus implements cognitive abilities primarily related actual experience, whether past (e.g. recollection, consolidation), present spatial mapping) or future planning). However, relatively recent findings rodents identify robust of hippocampal corresponding variety alternatives many cases without overt reference past, future. Given these findings, others contributions imagination, we suggest fundamental generate wealth hypothetical experiences thoughts. Under view, traditional accounts episodic memory navigation be understood as particular applications more general system for imagination. view also suggests contributes wider range than previously thought. article part theme issue ‘Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions phylogeny’.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic synchronization between hippocampal representations and stepping

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 617(7959), P. 125 - 131

Published: April 12, 2023

Abstract The hippocampus is a mammalian brain structure that expresses spatial representations 1 and crucial for navigation 2,3 . Navigation, in turn, intricately depends on locomotion; however, current accounts suggest dissociation between hippocampal the details of locomotor processes. Specifically, thought to represent mainly higher-order cognitive variables such as position, speed direction movement 4–7 , whereas limb movements propel animal can be computed represented primarily subcortical circuits, including spinal cord, brainstem cerebellum 8–11 Whether are actually decoupled from detailed processes remains unknown. To address this question, here we simultaneously monitored ongoing underlying locomotion at fast timescales. We found forelimb stepping cycle freely behaving rats rhythmic peaks around 8 Hz during movement, matching approximately modulation activity 12 also discovered precisely timed coordination time which forelimbs touch ground (‘plant’ times cycle) representation space. Notably, plant coincide with closest actual position nose rat, these times, progresses towards possible future locations. This synchronization was specifically detectable when approached decisions. Together, our results reveal profound dynamic timescale tens milliseconds central peripheral motor engages disengages rapidly association demands well suited support rapid information exchange sensory–motor circuits.

Language: Английский

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Geometric transformation of cognitive maps for generalization across hippocampal-prefrontal circuits

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(3), P. 112246 - 112246

Published: March 1, 2023

The ability to abstract information guide decisions during navigation across changing environments is essential for adaptation and requires the integrity of hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry. hippocampus encodes navigational in a cognitive map, but it remains unclear how maps are transformed circuits support abstraction generalization. Here, we simultaneously record ensembles as rats generalize rules distinct environments. We find that, whereas hippocampal representational maintain specificity separate environments, prefrontal Furthermore, while both structured within neural manifold population activity, they have geometries. Prefrontal geometry enables rule-informative variables, format that generalizes novel conditions existing variable classes. Hippocampal lacks such abstraction. Together, these findings elucidate into geometric representations generalization maintaining memory specificity.

Language: Английский

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Neural Oscillations in Aversively Motivated Behavior

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: July 1, 2022

Fear and anxiety-based disorders are highly debilitating among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. These associated with abnormal network oscillations in brain, yet a comprehensive understanding of role regulation aversively motivated behavior is lacking. In this review, we examine oscillatory correlates fear anxiety particular focus on rhythms theta gamma-range. First, describe neural their link to function by detailing well-studied gamma spatial memory functions hippocampus. We then how act synchronize brain structures guide adaptive anxiety-like behavior. short, that hippocampal integrate information motivationally salient from amygdala during states before routing via appropriate target regions, such as prefrontal cortex. Moreover, develop neocortical areas encoding memories, interregional synchronization reflects retrieval both recent remotely encoded memories. Finally, argue thalamic nucleus reuniens represents key node synchronizing prefrontal-hippocampal dynamics for episodic extinction memories

Language: Английский

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Neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex that are not modulated by hippocampal sharp-wave ripples are involved in spatial tuning and signaling upcoming choice

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

The hippocampus is known to encode spatial information and reactivate experienced trajectories during sharp-wave ripple events. These events are thought be key time-points at which about learned transferred the neocortex for long-term storage. It unclear, however, how this may integrated in downstream cortical regions. In study, we performed high-density probe recordings across full depth of medial prefrontal cortex simultaneously rats while they were performing a task navigation. We find that neurons reliably predict upcoming choice on maze, subset mPFC modulated by hippocampal ripples. However, involved predicting not This indicates integration requires collaboration different specialized populations neurons.

Language: Английский

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Neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex that are not modulated by hippocampal sharp-wave ripples are involved in spatial tuning and signaling upcoming choice

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

The hippocampus is known to encode spatial information and reactivate experienced trajectories during sharp-wave ripple events. These events are thought be key time-points at which about learned transferred the neocortex for long-term storage. It unclear, however, how this may integrated in downstream cortical regions. In study, we performed high-density probe recordings across full depth of medial prefrontal cortex simultaneously rats while they were performing a task navigation. We find that neurons reliably predict upcoming choice on maze, subset mPFC modulated by hippocampal ripples. However, involved predicting not This indicates integration requires collaboration different specialized populations neurons.

Language: Английский

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Phase Precession Relative to Turning Angle in Theta‐Modulated Head Direction Cells

Hippocampus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Grid and place cells typically fire at progressively earlier phases within each cycle of the theta rhythm as rodents run across their firing fields, a phenomenon known phase precession. Here, we report precession relative to turning angle in theta‐modulated head direction anteroventral thalamic nucleus (AVN). As turn heads, these sweeps over preferred tuning direction. The degree increases with angular velocity. Moreover, is more pronounced those that exhibit skipping, stronger theta‐skipping effect correlating higher These findings are consistent ring attractor model integrates external input internal rate adaptation—a identified AVN. Our results broaden range information be subject neural coding enrich our understanding dynamics supporting spatial orientation navigation.

Language: Английский

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Electrophysiological Properties of the Medial Mammillary Bodies across the Sleep–Wake Cycle

eNeuro, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. ENEURO.0447 - 23.2024

Published: April 1, 2024

The medial mammillary bodies (MBs) play an important role in the formation of spatial memories; their dense inputs from hippocampal and brainstem regions makes them well placed to integrate movement-related information, which is then extended anterior thalamic nuclei beyond cortex. While anatomical connectivity MBs has been studied, much less known about physiological properties, particularly freely moving animals. We therefore carried out a comprehensive characterization MB electrophysiology across arousal states by concurrently recording CA1 field hippocampus male rats. In agreement with previous studies, we found neurons have firing rates modulated running speed angular head velocity, as theta-entrained firing. neuron three key ways: (1) identified subset (25%) that exhibit dominant bursting activity; (2) showed ∼30% robust theta cycle skipping, characteristic implicates network for prospective coding position; (3) considerable proportion units sharp-wave ripple (SWR) responsive (∼37%). functional heterogeneity reinforces integrative node mnemonic processing identifies potential roles memory consolidation through propagation SWR-responsive activity thalamus form skipping.

Language: Английский

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Anxiety and personality

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 371 - 430

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract ‘Anxiety and personality’ links the anxiolytic-derived state neuropsychology of previous chapters to personality traits. Traits are seen as sensitivities structures, goal control systems, more global modulators systems. It lays ground work for seeing psychiatric disorders resulting from one or extreme sensitivities. While main focus is anxiety, it also discusses implications Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) with additional comment on Big 5. reviews issues arising word meanings, evolution, need biomarkers, hierarchical organization, continuity versus discontinuity provides recommendation application work, throughout. distinguishes neuroticism trait a new dopaminergic neurology reinforcement sensitivity, strongly reinforcers, first anxiety disorder biomarker, identifies problems existing RST scales, future neural solutions.

Language: Английский

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