Multisensory decisions from self to world

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1886)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Classic Bayesian models of perceptual inference describe how an ideal observer would integrate ‘unisensory’ measurements (multisensory integration) and attribute sensory signals to their origin(s) (causal inference). However, in the brain, are always received context a multisensory bodily state—namely, combination with other senses. Moreover, from both interoceptive sensing one's own body exteroceptive world highly interdependent never occur isolation. Thus, must fundamentally determine whether each observation is external (versus internal, self-generated) source even be considered for integration. Critically, solving this primary causal problem requires knowledge sensorimotor dependencies. processing needed separate signals. These processes enable us simultaneously form sense self distinct decisions about world. In opinion paper, we review discuss similarities distinctions between underlying those directed at acquiring information We call attention fact that heterogeneous take place all along neural hierarchy (even forming observations) argue more integration these aspects, theory experiment, required obtain comprehensive understanding brain function. This article part theme issue ‘Decision control perception’.

Language: Английский

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Causal inference during closed-loop navigation: parsing of self- and object-motion

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1886)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

A key computation in building adaptive internal models of the external world is to ascribe sensory signals their likely cause(s), a process causal inference (CI). CI well studied within framework two-alternative forced-choice tasks, but less understood cadre naturalistic action-perception loops. Here, we examine disambiguating retinal motion caused by self- and/or object-motion during closed-loop navigation. First, derive normative account specifying how observers ought intercept hidden and moving targets given belief about (i) whether was target moving, (ii) if so, with what velocity. Next, line modelling results, show that humans report as stationary steer towards initial rather than final position more often when they are themselves suggesting putative misattribution self. Further, predict should misattribute often: passive active self-motion (given lack an efference copy informing estimates former), presented eccentrically centrally lateral flow vectors larger at eccentric locations forward self-motion). Results support both these predictions. Lastly, analysis eye movements that, while saccades toward were largely accurate regardless condition, subsequent gaze pursuit modulated velocity object-only motion, not concurrent object- self-motion. These results demonstrate loops, suggest protracted temporal unfolding computations characterizing CI. This article part theme issue 'Decision control processes multisensory perception'.

Language: Английский

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Multisensory integration in the mammalian brain: diversity and flexibility in health and disease

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1886)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Multisensory integration (MSI) occurs in a variety of brain areas, spanning cortical and subcortical regions. In traditional studies on sensory processing, the cortices have been considered for processing information modality-specific manner. The cortices, however, send to other including higher association where multiple modality inputs converge integrate generate meaningful percept. This process is neither simple nor fixed because these areas interact with each via complicated circuits, which can be modulated by numerous internal external conditions. As result, dynamic MSI makes multisensory decisions flexible adaptive behaving animals. Impairments occur many psychiatric disorders, may result an altered perception stimuli abnormal reaction them. review discusses diversity flexibility mammals, humans, primates rodents, as well involved. It further explains how such influences perceptual experiences animals both health disease. article part theme issue ‘Decision control processes perception’.

Language: Английский

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A theory of autism bridging across levels of description

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(7), P. 631 - 641

Published: May 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Predictive Processing in ASD: The Atypical Iterative Prior Updating Account

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 100468 - 100468

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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A common computational and neural anomaly across mouse models of autism

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 8, 2024

Abstract Computational psychiatry has suggested that humans within the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) inflexibly update their expectations (i.e., Bayesian priors). Here, we leveraged high-yield rodent psychophysics (n = 75 mice), extensive behavioral modeling (including principled and heuristics), (near) brain-wide single cell extracellular recordings (over 53k units in 150 brain areas) to ask (1) whether mice with different genetic perturbations associated ASD show this same computational anomaly, if so, (2) what neurophysiological features are shared across genotypes subserving deficit. We demonstrate harboring mutations Fmr1 , Cntnap2 Shank3B a blunted of priors during decision-making. Neurally, differentiating factor between animals flexibly updating was shift weighting prior encoding from sensory frontal cortices. Further, mouse models areas showed preponderance coding for deviations animals’ long-run prior, responses did not differentiate expected unexpected observations. These findings distinct instantiations may yield common phenotypes.

Language: Английский

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Identifying Distinct Developmental Patterns of Brain Complexity in Autism: A Cross‐Sectional Cohort Analysis Using the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Aim Autistic traits exhibit neurodiversity with varying behaviors across developmental stages. Brain complexity theory, illustrating the dynamics of neural activity, may elucidate evolution autistic over time. Our study explored patterns brain in individuals from childhood to adulthood. Methods We analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging data 1087 participants and neurotypical controls aged 6 30 years within ABIDE I (Autism Imaging Data Exchange) set. Sample entropy was calculated measure among 90 regions, utilizing an automated anatomical labeling template for voxel parcellation. Participants were grouped using sliding age windows partial overlaps. assessed average entire regions both groups categories. Cluster analysis conducted generalized association plots identify similar trajectories. Finally, relationship between region examined. Results tend toward higher whole‐brain during adolescence lower adulthood, indicating possible distinct However, these results do not remain after Bonferroni correction. Two clusters identified, each unique changes Correlations complexity, age, also identified. Conclusion The revealed trajectories individuals, providing insight into autism suggesting that age‐related could be a potential neurodevelopmental marker dynamic nature autism.

Language: Английский

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Heterogeneity in strategy use during arbitration between experiential and observational learning

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 24, 2024

Abstract To navigate our complex social world, it is crucial to deploy multiple learning strategies, such as from directly experiencing action outcomes or observing other people’s behavior. Despite the prevalence of experiential and observational in humans animals, remains unclear how people favor one strategy over depending on environment, individuals vary their use. Here, we describe an arbitration mechanism which prediction errors associated with each influence weight We designed online behavioral task test computational model, found that while a substantial proportion participants relied proposed mechanism, there was some meaningful heterogeneity solved this task. Four groups were identified: those who used fixed mixture between two single non-learners irrelevant strategies. Furthermore, differ key signatures, transdiagnostic symptom dimensions, particular autism traits anxiety. Together, these results demonstrate large heterogeneous datasets methods can be leveraged better characterize individual differences.

Language: Английский

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Beyond Prior and Volatility: The Distinct Iterative Updating Account of ASD

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Abstract The nature of predictive-processing differences between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) is widely debated. Some studies suggest impairments in predictive processing ASD, while others report intact processes, albeit atypical learning dynamics. Here, we assessed duration reproduction tasks high- low-volatility settings to examine the updating dynamics prior beliefs sensory estimates. Employing a two-state Bayesian model, differentiated how ASD TD controls update their priors perceptual estimates, these updates affect long-term prediction behavior. Our findings indicate that use knowledge input similarly However, they place greater weight on inputs specifically for iteratively priors. This distinct approach led slower adaptation across trials; relied less estimates during first half sessions but achieved comparable integration weights as by end session. By differentiating aspects, our study highlights importance considering inter-trial reconcile diverse ASD. In consequence current findings, iterative account Significance Statement Research Autism Spectrum Disorder remains controversial. employed model varied volatility explore compared peers. We found utilizing controls, disproportionate emphasis when unique pattern leads significant behavioral trials two groups, levels These not only highlight different timescales dynamic processes also framework involves mechanisms likely associated increased reliance.

Language: Английский

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Hierarchical motion perception as causal inference

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 18, 2023

Abstract Since motion can only be defined relative to a reference frame, which frame guides perception? A century of psychophysical studies has produced conflicting evidence: retinotopic, egocentric, world-centric, or even object-centric. We introduce hierarchical Bayesian model mapping retinal velocities perceived velocities. Our mirrors the structure in world, visual elements move within causally connected frames. Friction renders these frames mostly stationary, formalized by an additional delta component (at zero) prior. Inverting this automatically segments inputs into groups, groups supergroups, etc. and “perceives” appropriate frame. Critical predictions are supported two new experiments, fitting our data allows us infer subjective set used individual observers. provides quantitative normative justification for key Gestalt principles providing inspiration building better models processing general.

Language: Английский

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