Parallel evolution of integrated craniofacial traits in trophic specialist pupfishes

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Populations may adapt to similar environments via parallel or non‐parallel genetic changes, but the frequency of these alternative mechanisms and underlying contributing factors are still poorly understood outside model systems. We used QTL mapping investigate basis highly divergent craniofacial traits between scale‐eater ( Cyprinodon desquamator ) molluscivore C. brontotheroides pupfish adapting two different hypersaline lake on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. lab‐reared F2 x intercrosses from populations, estimated linkage maps, scanned for significant 29 skeletal traits, female mate preference, sex. compared location lakes quantify changes. detected six in at least one lake. However, nearly all shared loci were associated with a trait within each Therefore, our estimate evolution architecture could range out identical (low parallelism) five integrated (high parallelism). suggest that pleiotropy integration can affect estimates evolution, particularly rapid radiations. also observed increased adaptive introgression regions, suggesting gene flow contributed evolution. Overall, results same genomic regions contribute adaptation across suites rather than specific highlight need more expansive definition

Language: Английский

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Genomic Introgression Between Critically Endangered and Stable Species of Darwin's Tree Finches on the Galapagos Islands

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Natural hybridisation among rare or endangered species and stable congenerics is increasingly topical for the conservation of species-level diversity under anthropogenic impacts. Evidence beneficial genes being introgressed into selected in hybrids raises concurrent questions about its evolutionary significance. In Darwin's tree finches on island Floreana (Galapagos Islands, Ecuador), Critically Endangered medium finch (Camarhynchus pauper) undergoes introgression with small parvulus), regularly backcross C. parvulus. Earlier studies 2005-2013 documented an increase frequency Camarhynchus using field-based microsatellite data. With single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from same sampled 2005 2013 (n = 95), we examine genome-wide divergence across parental hybrid birds evidence selection hybrids. We found that just 18% previously assigned based microsatellites could be to SNPs. Over half (63%) were reassigned parvulus, though showed concordance prior assignments. Of 4869 private alleles birds, 348 at a high (≥ 0.30) exceeded their origin 89%-96% time. For detected both years (N 536) between 11%-76% underwent 13%-61% decrease 2013, which was sensitive sampling effort. identified 28 candidates via local PCA outlier tests. Alleles annotated associated inflammation, immunity, brain function development. provide critically may aid retention adaptive genetic threatened extinction.

Language: Английский

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Leishmania genomic adaptation: more than just a 36-body problem

Trends in Parasitology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Genome instability has been identified as a major driver of adaptation in fast-growing, eukaryotic cells, including fungi, protists, or cancer. How these cells cope with the toxic effects caused by such copy number variations remains to be elucidated. In recent years, protist parasites Leishmania spp. have emerged interesting model pathogens assess this open question and study role its intrinsic genome fitness gain culture, experimental infection, field. Here we summarize results on genomic propose thought-provoking evolutionary concepts new field that need considered when mapping genotype-to-phenotype relationships molecular epidemiological studies.

Language: Английский

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Hybridization alters the shape of the genotypic fitness landscape, increasing access to novel fitness peaks during adaptive radiation

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 26, 2022

Estimating the complex relationship between fitness and genotype or phenotype (i.e. adaptive landscape) is one of central goals evolutionary biology. However, walks connecting genotypes to organismal fitness, speciation, novel ecological niches are still poorly understood processes for surmounting valleys remain controversial. One outstanding system addressing these connections a recent radiation ecologically morphologically pupfishes (a generalist, molluscivore, scale-eater) endemic San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We leveraged whole-genome sequencing 139 hybrids from two independent field experiments identify genomic basis estimate genotypic networks, measure accessibility on landscape. identified 132 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly associated with in enclosures. Six out 13 regions most strongly contained differentially expressed genes fixed SNPs trophic specialists; gene ( mettl21e ) was also misexpressed lab-reared hybrids, suggesting potential intrinsic genetic incompatibility. then constructed networks alleles show scale-eating specialists isolated three species networks. Intriguingly, introgressed de novo variants reduced landscape ruggedness as compared standing variation, increasing paths generalist specialists. Our results suggest introgression mutations alter shape landscape, providing key circumventing triggering evolution novelty during radiation.

Language: Английский

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Genes, Morphology, Performance, and Fitness: Quantifying Organismal Performance to Understand Adaptive Evolution

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(3), P. 843 - 859

Published: July 8, 2023

Synopsis To understand the complexities of morphological evolution, we must relationships between genes, morphology, performance, and fitness in complex traits. Genomicists have made tremendous progress finding genetic basis many phenotypes, including a myriad characters. Similarly, field biologists greatly advanced our understanding relationship performance natural populations. However, connection from morphology to has primarily been studied at interspecific level, meaning that most cases lack mechanistic how evolutionarily relevant variation among individuals affects organismal performance. Therefore, functional morphologists need methods will allow for analysis fine-grained intraspecific order close path genes fitness. We suggest three methodological areas believe are well suited this research program provide examples each can be applied within fish model systems build microevolutionary processes. Specifically, structural equation modeling, biological robotics, simultaneous multi-modal data acquisition open up fruitful collaborations biomechanists, evolutionary biologists, biologists. It is only through combined efforts all fields evolution (acting level genes) selection on fitness).

Language: Английский

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Replicated Functional Evolution in Cichlid Adaptive Radiations

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 204(3), P. 242 - 257

Published: May 17, 2024

AbstractAdaptive radiations highlight the mechanisms by which species and traits diversify extent to these patterns are predictable. We used 1,110 high-speed videos of suction feeding study functional morphological diversification in 300 cichlid from three African Great Lake varying ages (Victoria, Malawi, Tanganyika) an older, spatially dispersed continental radiation Neotropics. Among radiations, standing diversity was reflective time. Morphological variance Victoria, youngest radiation, a subset that within itself nested older Tanganyikan radiation. However, Neotropical cichlids often lower than Tanganyika, despite being much older. These two broadly overlapped, but each diversified into novel trait spaces not found lake radiations. Evolutionary rates across were inversely related age, suggesting extremely rapid evolution at early stages, particularly Despite this support for bursts, other inconsistent with expectations adaptive This work suggests has played out strikingly similar fashion different contingencies eventually resulting lineage-specific novelties.

Language: Английский

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A multi-peak performance landscape for scale-biting in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(16)

Published: July 26, 2024

ABSTRACT The physical interactions between organisms and their environment ultimately shape diversification rates, but the contributions of biomechanics to evolutionary divergence are frequently overlooked. Here, we estimated a performance landscape for biting in an adaptive radiation Cyprinodon pupfishes, including scale-biting molluscivore specialists, compared peaks with previous estimates fitness this system. We used high-speed video film feeding strikes on gelatin cubes by scale eater, molluscivore, generalist hybrid pupfishes measured bite dimensions. then five kinematic variables from 227 using SLEAP machine-learning model. found complex two distinct best predicted gel-biting performance, corresponding significant non-linear interaction peak gape jaw protrusion. Only eaters hybrids were able perform within highest peak, characterized larger gapes greater A valley separated lower accessible all species, smaller less However, most individuals exhibited substantial variation strike kinematics species could not be reliably distinguished strikes, indicating many-to-many mapping morphology performance. observed lab partially consistent two-peak wild, exception new eaters. thus reveal bimodal biomechanical model that connects sympatric trophic niche specialists.

Language: Английский

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Jaw size variation is associated with a novel craniofacial function for galanin receptor 2 in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(2009)

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Understanding the genetic basis of novel adaptations in new species is a fundamental question biology. Here we demonstrate role for galr2 vertebrate craniofacial development using an adaptive radiation trophic specialist pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We confirmed loss putative Sry transcription factor binding site upstream scale-eating pupfish and found significant spatial differences expression among Meckel's cartilage

Language: Английский

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Multiple performance peaks for scale-biting in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 23, 2023

The physical interactions between organisms and their environment ultimately shape rate of speciation adaptive radiation, but the contributions biomechanics to evolutionary divergence are frequently overlooked. Here we investigated an radiation

Language: Английский

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Genomic introgression between critically endangered and stable species of Darwin's tree finches on the Galapagos Islands

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 3, 2024

Abstract Natural hybridisation among rare or endangered species and stable congenerics is increasingly topical for the conservation of species-level diversity under anthropogenic impacts. Evidence beneficial genes being introgressed into selected in hybrids raises concurrent questions about its evolutionary significance. In Darwin’s tree finches on island Floreana (Galapagos Islands, Ecuador), Critically Endangered medium finch (C amarhynchus pauper ) undergoes introgression with small ( Camarhynchus parvulus ), regularly backcross C. parvulus. Earlier studies 2005-2013 documented an increase frequency using field-based microsatellite data. With single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from same sampled 2005 2013 (n = 95), we examine genome-wide divergence across parental hybrid birds evidence selection hybrids. assessing previous estimates found that just 18% previously assigned based microsatellites were to SNPs. Over half (63%) reassigned parvulus, though showed concordance prior assignments. Of 4869 private alleles birds, 348 at a high (≥0.30) exceeded their origin 89-96% time. Across two years, 3436 (70.6%) underwent substantial allele decrease. these, 28 identified as candidate loci via local PCA genome scans outlier tests. Alleles annotated associated inflammation, immunity, brain function development. We provide critically Darwins’ retained by years may aid retention genetic threatened extinction.

Language: Английский

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