arXiv (Cornell University),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Motile
cilia
beat
in
an
asymmetric
fashion
order
to
propel
the
surrounding
fluid.
When
many
are
located
on
a
surface,
their
beating
can
synchronise
such
that
phases
form
metachronal
waves.
Here,
we
computationally
study
model
where
each
cilium
is
represented
as
spherical
particle,
moving
along
tilted
trajectory
with
position-dependent
active
driving
force
and
internal
drag
coefficient.
The
thus
takes
into
account
all
essential
broken
symmetries
of
ciliary
beat.
We
show
taking
near-field
hydrodynamic
interactions,
effective
coupling
between
become
nonreciprocal:
phase
more
strongly
affected
by
adjacent
one
side
than
at
same
distance
opposite
direction.
As
result,
synchronisation
starts
from
seed
edge
group
propagates
rapidly
across
system,
leading
time
scales
proportionally
linear
dimension
system.
carpet
characterised
three
different
velocities:
velocity
fluid
transport,
waves
propagation.
Unlike
systems
reciprocal
coupling,
boundary
effects
not
detrimental
for
synchronisation,
but
rather
enable
formation
initial
seed.
PLoS Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1), P. e3002468 - e3002468
Published: Jan. 25, 2024
In
vertebrates,
olfactory
receptors
localize
on
multiple
cilia
elaborated
dendritic
knobs
of
sensory
neurons
(OSNs).
Although
dysfunction
can
cause
anosmia,
how
their
differentiation
is
programmed
at
the
transcriptional
level
has
remained
largely
unexplored.
We
discovered
in
zebrafish
and
mice
that
Foxj1,
a
forkhead
domain-containing
transcription
factor
traditionally
linked
with
motile
biogenesis,
expressed
OSNs
required
for
epithelium
(OE)
formation.
keeping
immotile
nature
cilia,
we
observed
ciliary
motility
genes
are
repressed
zebrafish,
mouse,
human
OSNs.
Strikingly,
also
found
besides
ciliogenesis,
Foxj1
controls
themselves
by
regulating
cell
type–specific
gene
expression,
such
as
marker
protein
(
omp
)
involved
odor-evoked
signal
transduction.
line
this,
response
to
bile
acids,
odors
detected
OMP-positive
OSNs,
was
significantly
diminished
foxj1
mutant
zebrafish.
Taken
together,
our
findings
establish
canonical
Foxj1-mediated
ciliogenic
program
been
repurposed
biogenesis
well
development
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
120(40)
Published: Sept. 27, 2023
Motile
cilia
beat
in
an
asymmetric
fashion
order
to
propel
the
surrounding
fluid.
When
many
are
located
on
a
surface,
their
beating
can
synchronize
such
that
phases
form
metachronal
waves.
Here,
we
computationally
study
model
where
each
cilium
is
represented
as
spherical
particle,
moving
along
tilted
trajectory
with
position-dependent
active
driving
force
and
internal
drag
coefficient.
The
thus
takes
into
account
all
essential
broken
symmetries
of
ciliary
beat.
We
show
taking
near-field
hydrodynamic
interactions,
effective
coupling
between
even
over
entire
cycle
become
nonreciprocal:
phase
more
strongly
affected
by
adjacent
one
side
than
at
same
distance
opposite
direction.
As
result,
synchronization
starts
from
seed
edge
group
propagates
rapidly
across
system,
leading
time
scales
proportionally
linear
dimension
system.
carpet
characterized
three
different
velocities:
velocity
fluid
transport,
waves,
propagation.
Unlike
systems
reciprocal
coupling,
boundary
effects
not
detrimental
for
synchronization,
but
rather
enable
formation
initial
seed.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
The
rheological
properties
of
the
extracellular
fluid
in
female
reproductive
tract
vary
spatiotemporally,
however,
effect
on
behaviour
epithelial
cells
that
line
is
unexplored.
Here,
we
reveal
respond
to
elevated
viscosity
culture
media
by
modulating
their
development
and
functionality
enhance
cilia
formation
coordination.
Specifically,
ciliation
increases
4-fold
beating
frequency
decreases
30%
when
are
cultured
at
100
mPa·s.
Further,
manifest
a
coordinated
pattern
can
facilitate
metachronal
waves.
At
cellular
level,
viscous
loading
activates
TRPV4
channel
increase
intracellular
Ca
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
121(5)
Published: Jan. 22, 2024
In
cystic
fibrosis
(CF),
impaired
mucociliary
clearance
leads
to
chronic
infection
and
inflammation.
However,
cilia
beating
features
in
a
CF
altered
environment,
consisting
of
dehydrated
airway
surface
liquid
layer
abnormal
mucus,
have
not
been
fully
characterized.
Furthermore,
acute
inflammation
is
normally
followed
by
an
active
resolution
phase
requiring
specialized
proresolving
lipid
mediators
(SPMs)
allowing
return
homeostasis.
SPMs
biosynthesis
has
reported
CF.
Here,
we
explored
dynamics
airways
primary
cultures
its
response
the
SPMs,
resolvin
E1
(RvE1)
lipoxin
B4
(LXB4).
Human
nasal
epithelial
cells
(hNECs)
from
non-CF
donors
were
grown
at
air–liquid
interface.
The
ciliary
beat
frequency,
synchronization,
orientation,
density
analyzed
high-speed
video
microscopy
using
multiscale
Differential
Dynamic
Microscopy
algorithm
in-house
developed
method.
Mucins
ASL
height
studied
qRT-PCR
confocal
microscopy.
Principal
component
analysis
showed
that
hNEC
had
distinct
phenotypes,
which
was
mostly
explained
differences
organization
rather
than
frequency.
Exposure
RvE1
(10
nM)
LXB4
restored
non-CF-like
phenotype.
increased
(ASL)
reduced
mucin
MUC5AC
thickness.
calcium-activated
chloride
channel,
TMEM16A,
involved
effect
on
beating,
hydration,
mucus.
Altogether,
our
results
provide
evidence
for
defective
epithelium
role
restore
main
functions
clearance.
Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 38 - 38
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
Brain
size
asymmetry
differs
considerably
across
species,
including
humans,
vertebrates,
and
invertebrates.
The
subtle
structural,
functional,
or
differences
between
the
two
brain
sides
are
associated
with
processing
specific
cognitive
tasks.
To
evaluate
sizes
of
left
right
whole
regions
effect
predation
risk
(i.e.,
snake
density)
on
among
Chinese
anurans,
we
compared
hemisphere
anuran
species
analyzed
correlations
index
regions.
We
found
that
when
one
side
was
consistently
larger
than
other,
there
a
significant
difference
regions,
displaying
directional
also
total
positively
correlated
olfactory
bulb
optic
tecta
hemispheres
were
ones.
Meanwhile,
telencephalon
However,
non-significant
99
anurans.
Our
findings
suggest
an
increased
linked
to
sociality
is
likely
drive
increase
in
size.
Physical Review Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Feb. 6, 2025
Hydrodynamic
coordination
of
cilia
is
ubiquitous
in
biology.
It
commonly
modeled
using
the
steady
Stokes
equations.
The
flow
around
ciliated
cells,
however,
exhibits
finite-time
vorticity
diffusion,
requiring
a
dynamical
description.
We
present
model
elastic
coupled
by
unsteady
viscous
bulk
fluid.
Therein,
diffusion
impacts
qualitatively
and
quantitatively.
In
particular,
pairs
synchronize
antiphase
for
long
times.
Moreover,
metachronal
waves
occur
chains
larger
than
penetration
depth,
whereas
global
synchronization
occurs
flow.
Published
American
Physical
Society
2025
Physical review. E,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
111(3)
Published: March 4, 2025
Large
arrays
of
active
cilia
coordinate
their
beat
cycles
into
metachronal
waves.
These
waves
can
travel
in
different
directions
with
respect
to
the
cilium's
direction
and
resulting
fluid
propulsion.
Hydrodynamic
interactions
provide
a
mechanism
for
individual
cycles.
Using
an
analytical
framework
that
connects
properties
emergent
wave
behavior,
I
show
how
forcing
pattern
cycle
breaks
symmetry
select
direction.
Previously,
it
was
found
second
harmonic
is
dominant
term
coordination.
Here,
first
enters
coordination
dynamics
at
higher
order
demonstrate
important
role
terms
play
determining
emerging
Ependymal
multicilia
position
at
one-side
on
the
cell
surface
and
beat
synchronously
across
tissue
to
propel
flow
of
cerebrospinal
fluid.
Loss
ependymal
cilia
often
causes
hydrocephalus.
However,
molecules
contributing
their
maintenance
remain
yet
fully
revealed.
Cytosolic
carboxypeptidase
(CCP)
family
are
erasers
polyglutamylation,
a
conserved
posttranslational
modification
ciliary-axoneme
microtubules.
CCPs
possess
unique
domain
(N-domain)
N-terminal
(CP)
with
unclear
function.
Here,
we
show
that
novel
mutant
mouse
Agbl5
,
gene
encoding
CCP5,
deletion
its
N-terminus
partial
CP
(designated
M1/M1
),
developed
lethal
hydrocephalus
due
degeneration
multicilia.
Interestingly,
multiciliogenesis
was
not
impaired
in
ependyma.
The
initially
formed
normal
frequency,
but
intercellularly
diverse
directions,
indicative
aberrant
tissue-level
coordination.
Moreover,
actin
networks
severely
disrupted
basal
body
patches
improperly
displaced
cells,
suggesting
polarity.
In
contrast,
mutants
disruption
solely
CCP5
(
M2/M2
)
do
develop
despite
increased
glutamylation
levels
as
similarly
seen
.
This
study
revealed
an
unappreciated
role
particularly
N-domain,
stability
associated
polarization
Ependymal
multicilia
position
at
one-side
on
the
cell
surface
and
beat
synchronously
across
tissue
to
propel
flow
of
cerebrospinal
fluid.
Loss
ependymal
cilia
often
causes
hydrocephalus.
However,
molecules
contributing
their
maintenance
remain
yet
fully
revealed.
Cytosolic
carboxypeptidase
(CCP)
family
are
erasers
polyglutamylation,
a
conserved
posttranslational
modification
ciliary-axoneme
microtubules.
CCPs
possess
unique
domain
(N-domain)
N-terminal
(CP)
with
unclear
function.
Here,
we
show
that
novel
mutant
mouse
Agbl5
,
gene
encoding
CCP5,
deletion
its
N-terminus
partial
CP
(designated
M1/M1
),
developed
lethal
hydrocephalus
due
degeneration
multicilia.
Interestingly,
multiciliogenesis
was
not
impaired
in
ependyma.
The
initially
formed
normal
frequency,
but
intercellularly
diverse
directions,
indicative
aberrant
tissue-level
coordination.
Moreover,
actin
networks
severely
disrupted
basal
body
patches
improperly
displaced
cells,
suggesting
polarity.
In
contrast,
mutants
disruption
solely
CCP5
(
M2/M2
)
do
develop
despite
increased
glutamylation
levels
as
similarly
seen
.
This
study
revealed
an
unappreciated
role
particularly
N-domain,
stability
associated
polarization
