arXiv (Cornell University),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Motile
cilia
beat
in
an
asymmetric
fashion
order
to
propel
the
surrounding
fluid.
When
many
are
located
on
a
surface,
their
beating
can
synchronise
such
that
phases
form
metachronal
waves.
Here,
we
computationally
study
model
where
each
cilium
is
represented
as
spherical
particle,
moving
along
tilted
trajectory
with
position-dependent
active
driving
force
and
internal
drag
coefficient.
The
thus
takes
into
account
all
essential
broken
symmetries
of
ciliary
beat.
We
show
taking
near-field
hydrodynamic
interactions,
effective
coupling
between
become
nonreciprocal:
phase
more
strongly
affected
by
adjacent
one
side
than
at
same
distance
opposite
direction.
As
result,
synchronisation
starts
from
seed
edge
group
propagates
rapidly
across
system,
leading
time
scales
proportionally
linear
dimension
system.
carpet
characterised
three
different
velocities:
velocity
fluid
transport,
waves
propagation.
Unlike
systems
reciprocal
coupling,
boundary
effects
not
detrimental
for
synchronisation,
but
rather
enable
formation
initial
seed.
Integrative and Comparative Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
63(6), P. 1485 - 1508
Published: June 19, 2023
Synopsis
Motility
is
an
essential
factor
for
organism’s
survival
and
diversification.
With
the
advent
of
novel
single-cell
technologies,
analytical
frameworks,
theoretical
methods,
we
can
begin
to
probe
complex
lives
microscopic
motile
organisms
answer
intertwining
biological
physical
questions
how
these
diverse
lifeforms
navigate
their
surroundings.
Herein,
summarize
main
mechanisms
microscale
motility
give
overview
different
experimental,
analytical,
mathematical
methods
used
study
them
across
scales
encompassing
molecular-,
individual-,
population-level.
We
identify
transferable
techniques,
pressing
challenges,
future
directions
in
field.
This
review
serve
as
a
starting
point
researchers
who
are
interested
exploring
quantifying
movements
world.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 17, 2024
Hydrodynamic
coordination
of
cilia
is
ubiquitous
in
biology.
It
commonly
modeled
using
the
steady
Stokes
equations.
The
flow
around
ciliated
cells,
however,
exhibits
finite
time
vorticity
diffusion,
requiring
a
dynamical
description.
We
present
model
elastic
coupled
by
transient
viscous
bulk
fluid.
Therein,
diffusion
impacts
qualitatively
and
quantitatively.
In
particular,
pairs
synchronize
antiphase
for
long
times.
Moreover,
metachronal
waves
occur
chains
larger
than
penetration
depth,
whereas
global
synchronization
occurs
flow.
Current Nanoscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
20(6), P. 740 - 752
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
Abstract:
With
the
development
of
science
and
technology,
microrobots
have
been
used
in
medicine,
biology,
rescue,
many
other
fields.
However,
problems
such
as
energy
motion
due
to
miniaturization.
In
order
solve
problem
supply
microrobots,
researchers
provided
more
drive
schemes
for
microrobots.
Inspired
by
biological
cilia,
biomimetic
cilia
developed
applied
achieve
propulsion,
liquid
pumping,
mixing,
particle
manipulation.
This
review
summarizes
different
driving
modes
focusing
on
application
magnetic
optical
field
micro-robots.
The
structure
function
are
introduced.
various
fields
is
discussed,
current
challenges
future
trends
summarized.
hopes
provide
useful
help
arXiv (Cornell University),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Motility
is
an
essential
factor
for
organism's
survival
and
diversification.
With
the
advent
of
novel
single-cell
technologies,
analytical
frameworks
theoretical
methods,
we
can
begin
to
probe
complex
lives
microscopic
motile
organisms
answer
intertwining
biological
physical
questions
how
these
diverse
lifeforms
navigate
their
surroundings.
Herein,
give
overview
different
experimental,
analytical,
mathematical
methods
used
study
a
suite
microscale
motility
mechanisms
across
scales
encompassing
molecular-,
individual-
population-level.
We
identify
transferable
techniques,
pressing
challenges,
future
directions
in
field.
This
review
serve
as
starting
point
researchers
who
are
interested
exploring
quantifying
movements
world.
arXiv (Cornell University),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Motile
cilia
beat
in
an
asymmetric
fashion
order
to
propel
the
surrounding
fluid.
When
many
are
located
on
a
surface,
their
beating
can
synchronise
such
that
phases
form
metachronal
waves.
Here,
we
computationally
study
model
where
each
cilium
is
represented
as
spherical
particle,
moving
along
tilted
trajectory
with
position-dependent
active
driving
force
and
internal
drag
coefficient.
The
thus
takes
into
account
all
essential
broken
symmetries
of
ciliary
beat.
We
show
taking
near-field
hydrodynamic
interactions,
effective
coupling
between
become
nonreciprocal:
phase
more
strongly
affected
by
adjacent
one
side
than
at
same
distance
opposite
direction.
As
result,
synchronisation
starts
from
seed
edge
group
propagates
rapidly
across
system,
leading
time
scales
proportionally
linear
dimension
system.
carpet
characterised
three
different
velocities:
velocity
fluid
transport,
waves
propagation.
Unlike
systems
reciprocal
coupling,
boundary
effects
not
detrimental
for
synchronisation,
but
rather
enable
formation
initial
seed.
