Synaptic connectome of the Drosophila circadian clock

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Abstract The circadian clock and its output pathways play a pivotal role in optimizing daily processes. To obtain insights into how diverse rhythmic physiology behaviors are orchestrated, we have generated comprehensive connectivity map of an animal using the Drosophila FlyWire brain connectome. Intriguingly, identified additional dorsal neurons, thus showing that network contains ~240 instead 150 neurons. We revealed extensive contralateral synaptic within discovered novel indirect light input to also elucidated via which modulates descending neurons known regulate feeding reproductive behaviors. Interestingly, observed sparse monosynaptic between downstream higher-order centers neurosecretory cells behavior physiology. Therefore, integrated single-cell transcriptomics receptor mapping decipher putative paracrine peptidergic signaling by Our analyses neuropeptides expressed suggest significantly enriches interconnectivity network.

Language: Английский

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Long-range neuropeptide relay as a central-peripheral communication mechanism for the context-dependent modulation of interval timing behaviors

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Neuropeptides play crucial roles in regulating context-dependent behaviors, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We investigate role of neuropeptide SIFa and its receptor SIFaR two distinct mating duration behaviors male Drosophila : Longer-Mating-Duration (LMD) Shorter-Mating-Duration (SMD). found that expression specific neurons is required for both LMD SMD behaviors. Social context sexual experience lead to synaptic reorganization between neurons, altering internal states brain. revealed SIFa-SIFaR/Crz-CrzR relay pathway essential generating interval timing with Crz being responsive activity neurons. Additionally, CrzR non-neuronal cells critical Our study provides insights into how neuropeptides their receptors modulate through plasticity calcium signaling, implications understanding neural circuitry neuropeptidergic system modulation behavioral adaptations.

Language: Английский

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Connectomic analysis of taste circuits in Drosophila

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Abstract Our sense of taste is critical for regulating food consumption. The fruit fly Drosophila represents a highly tractable model to investigate mechanisms processing, but circuits beyond sensory neurons are largely unidentified. Here, we use whole-brain connectome the organization circuits. We trace pathways from four populations that detect different modalities and project subesophageal zone (SEZ), primary region brain. find second-order primarily located within SEZ segregated by modality, whereas third-order have more projections outside overlap between modalities. Taste out innervate regions implicated in feeding, olfactory learning. analyze interconnections pathways, characterize modality-dependent differences neuron properties, identify other types inputs onto computational simulations relate neuronal connectivity predicted activity. These studies provide insight into architecture

Language: Английский

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Multiple blood feeding bouts in mosquitoes allow for prolonged survival and are predicted to increase viral transmission during drought

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 2, 2024

Abstract Survival through periods of drought is critical for mosquitoes to reside in semi-arid regions with humans. Dry conditions increase blood feeding propensity mosquitoes, but it unknown if dehydration-induced bloodmeals beyond what necessary reproduction. Following a bloodmeal, prolonged exposure dry increased secondary by nearly two-fold, and chronic allowed survive up twenty days without access water sources. This refeeding did not alter the number eggs generated, suggesting this hydration nutrient replenishment. Exposure desiccating following bloodmeal resulted activity, decreased sleep levels, prompted return CO 2 sensing before egg deposition. Increased during vitellogenic stage higher survival are predicted pathogen transmission, allowing rapid rebound mosquito populations when more favorable return. explains elevated levels specific arbovirus cases association periodic warrants further consideration as climate change progresses. Overall, these results solidify our understanding role on how dehydration contributes vectorial capacity disease transmission dynamics Significance statement Bouts yield substantial changes insects’ physiology behavior. Mosquitoes exceptionally prone due high loss rates, few integrative studies have examined comprehensive impact mosquitoes. Here, we demonstrate that lead multiple events, periods. repeated associated activity an early attraction vertebrate hosts. season frequent mosquito-borne viruses. suggests prevalence will varying impacts diseases.

Language: Английский

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Taste cells expressingIonotropic Receptor 94ereciprocally impact feeding and egg laying inDrosophila

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

ABSTRACT Chemosensory cells across the body of Drosophila melanogaster evaluate environment and play a crucial role in neural circuits that prioritize feeding, mating, or egg laying. Previous mapping gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) on fly labellum identified set L-type sensilla defined by expression Ionotropic Receptor 94e (IR94e), but impact IR94e GRNs behavior remained unclear. To understand their behavioral output, we used optogenetics chemogenetics to activate found they drive mild suppression feeding enhanced In vivo calcium imaging revealed respond strongly certain amino acids, including glutamate. Furthermore, is necessary sufficient for detection acid ligands, co-receptors IR25a IR76b are also required GRN activation. Finally, mutants show changes solutions containing increased consumption decreased Overall, our results suggest discourage encourage laying as part an important switch response chemical cues.

Language: Английский

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A brain-derived insulin signal encodes protein satiety for nutrient-specific feeding inhibition

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(6), P. 114282 - 114282

Published: May 24, 2024

The suppressive effect of insulin on food intake has been documented for decades. However, whether signals can encode a certain type nutrients to regulate nutrient-specific feeding behavior remains elusive. Here, we show that in female Drosophila, pair dopaminergic neurons, tritocerebrum 1-dopaminergic neurons (T1-DANs), are directly activated by protein-intake-induced signal from insulin-producing cells (IPCs). Intriguingly, opto-activating IPCs elicits inhibition both protein and sugar, while silencing T1-DANs blocks this only food. Elevating signaling or these is sufficient mimic satiety. Furthermore, conveyed local the protocerebral bridge (PB-LNs) specifically suppresses intake. Therefore, our findings reveal brain-derived encodes satiety manner, shedding light functional specificity brain regulating behaviors.

Language: Английский

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Use of Genetics in Monitoring Control Measures for <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Aedes albopictus</i>

Published: July 10, 2024

Aedes aegypti and albopictus are responsible for transmitting major human arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, posing a global threat to public health. The lack of etio-logical treatments efficient vaccines makes vector control strategies essential reducing population density interrupting pathogen transmission cycle. This study evaluated the impact long-term pyriproxyfen exposure on genetic structure diversity Ae. mosquito populations. was conducted in Manaus, Amazonas, Bra-zil, where dissemination stations have been monitored since 2014 up present day. Double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing performed, revealing that despite significant local reductions, focal interventions no signifi-cant stratification urban scenarios. structuring level suggests it is more stratified directly affected by PPF intervention, while exhibits homogeneous less structured popu-lation. results suggest although slight differences observed among mosquitoes sub-populations, intervention focused neighborhoods capital city not terms structuring, indicating larger-scale should be considered effective control.

Language: Английский

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The Neuropeptide Sulfakinin, a peripheral regulator of insect behavioral switch between mating and foraging

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract Behavioral strategies for foraging and reproduction in the oriental fruit fly ( Bactrocera dorsalis ) are alternative options resource allocation controlled by neuropeptides. Here we show that behavioral switch between is associated with changes antennal sensitivity. Starved flies became more sensitive to food odors while suppressing their response opposite-sex pheromones. The gene encoding sulfakinin receptor 1 SkR1 was significantly upregulated antennae of starved flies, so tested phenotypes null mutants genes skr1 −/− its ligand sk ). In both knockout lines, responses shifted mating mode even when were starved. This suggests signaling via promotes mating. Further analysis mutant revealed sets odorant (OR) differentially expressed. Functional characterization expressed ORs suggested directly suppresses expression respond hormones enhancing detect volatiles. We conclude SkR1, modulating OR expressions leading altered antenna sensitivities, an important component starvation-dependent change.

Language: Английский

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Connectomic analysis of taste circuits inDrosophila

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 15, 2024

Our sense of taste is critical for regulating food consumption. The fruit fly

Language: Английский

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A brief history of insect neuropeptide and peptide hormone research

Cell and Tissue Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

Abstract This review briefly summarizes 50 years of research on insect neuropeptide and peptide hormone (collectively abbreviated NPH) signaling, starting with the sequencing proctolin in 1975. The first 25 years, before Drosophila genome, were characterized by efforts to identify novel NPHs biochemical means, mapping their distribution neurons, neurosecretory cells, endocrine cells intestine. Functional studies predominantly dealing hormonal aspects peptides many employed ex vivo assays. With annotation more specifically receptors other insects, a new era followed. started matching NPH ligands orphan receptors, localize improved detection methods. Important advances made introduction rich repertoire innovative molecular genetic approaches interfere expression or function receptors. These methods enabled cell- circuit-specific interference signaling for assays determine roles behavior physiology, imaging neuronal activity, analysis connectivity peptidergic circuits. Recent have seen dramatic increase reports multiple functions development, physiology behavior. Importantly, we can now appreciate pleiotropic NPHs, as well functional “networks” where state dependent ensures behavioral plasticity systemic homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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