The push–pull intercrop Desmodium does not repel, but intercepts and kills pests

eLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 13, 2024

Over two decades ago, an intercropping strategy was developed that received critical acclaim for synergizing food security with ecosystem resilience in smallholder farming. The push–pull reportedly suppresses lepidopteran pests maize through a combination of repellent intercrop (push), commonly Desmodium spp., and attractive, border crop (pull). Key the system is intercrop’s constitutive release volatile terpenoids repel herbivores. However, earlier described were not detectable headspace , only minimally upon herbivory. This independent soil type, microbiome composition, whether collections made laboratory or field. Furthermore, oviposition choice tests wind tunnel, without odor background equally attractive invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda . In search alternative mechanism, we found neonate larvae strongly preferred over maize. their development stagnated no larva survived. addition, older frequently seen impaled immobilized by dense network silica-fortified, non-glandular trichomes. Thus, our data suggest may act intercepting decimating dispersing larval offspring rather than adult deterrence. As hallmark sustainable control, –Desmodium has inspired countless efforts to emulate stimulo-deterrent diversion other cropping systems. detailed knowledge actual mechanisms required rationally improve strategy, translate concept

Language: Английский

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Multidimensional Perspective of Sustainable Agroecosystems and the Impact on Crop Production: A Review

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 581 - 581

Published: March 9, 2025

Agroecosystems form a natural ecosystem component, allowing the proper classification of regional biome at global scale. It is important to view agroecosystems from micro-environmental perspective given that they are characterised by combination factors, including interaction soil–plant–atmosphere conditions, which largely responsive human management practices. The published literature generally provides limited explanation multidimensional nature agroecosystems. In combination, agroecosystem practices promote efficient water use and nutrient cycling in defence regenerative agriculture ethos. Sustainable can be combined explain how mitigate risks biodiversity. This study aims present review predominant advances sustainable crop production agroecosystem. A hybrid methodology data mining interpretation was used establish meaning relationships major research areas have emerged over time dominate narrative definition Crop diversification, soil management, integrated pest resource precision were selected using document summarisation entity relation modelling generate between various components based on existing literature. finding confirmation comparable applications different regions, whose enhanced recent summation. concludes separable impact. However, it reasonable recommend need for future into their integration implementation interpretation.

Language: Английский

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Organic farming to mitigate biotic stresses under climate change scenario

Bulletin of the National Research Centre/Bulletin of the National Research Center, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(1)

Published: July 16, 2024

Abstract Background Climate change is inevitable owing from modern-day chemical agriculture, exerting detrimental impacts on sustainable crop production. Global agriculture now facing serious threats biotic stresses like weeds, pests, diseases, etc. These not only hamper growth and production but also reduce quality. Main body of the abstract Exclusive reliance synthetic inputs to tackle has created resistance, resurgence, residues, etc., leading environmental pollution. Although plants adopt defensive mechansims, such need be addressed properly with various eco-friendly organic farming approaches. Suitable modification adoption agronomic practices (manual, mechanical, cultural, biological) as soil solarization, rotation, intercropping, tillage, sowing time method, nutrient, water intercultural operations, formulations, selection resistant/tolerant varieties, can mitigate negative a high extent resulting in uplift well quality produce. Microorganisms alter health positively for alleviate through bio-stimulant properties. Various indigenous technical knowledge approaches show great promise further. Short conclusion Adequate research, integration multiple technologies, build-up awareness, are keys successful plant protection under changing climate scenario.

Language: Английский

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Desmodium Volatiles in “Push-Pull” Agriculture and Protection Against the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Push-pull systems for sustainable pest management of crop plants employ repellent stimuli from intercrops (“push”) to repel herbivores and attract their predators parasitoids, attracting border (“pull”) lead herbivorous insects out the crop. The most widespread implementation, intercropping with legume Desmodium , reduces herbivory damage invasive fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda . However, three publications date investigating underlying mechanisms disagree whether intercrop emits bioactive volatiles that FAW. We aimed resolve this controversy by measuring volatile emission intortum (greenleaf ) D. incanum in push-pull fields, assaying effects on behavior FAW oviposition wind tunnel choice bioassays. detected many substances headspaces both species, which exhibited similar profiles, including previously reported lepidopteran herbivores. moths preferred oviposit maize over but not further versus closer were inaccessible moths, sharing air. In a bioassay, tended prefer combination conclusion, we found emit have been shown be bioactive, either species. Moreover, additional are likely important reducing under cultivation.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating local plant species for effective fall armyworm management strategies in Taiwan

Botanical studies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65(1)

Published: July 12, 2024

Abstract Background The emergence of Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; FAW) in the world has raised concerns regarding its impact on crop production, particularly corn and sorghum. While chemical control Bt crops have been effective managing FAW damage, development pesticide-resistant -resistant strains necessitates alternative methods. push-pull farming system gained attention, but direct utilization African plant species Taiwan faces challenges due to invasive potential climatic disparities. Therefore, identifying evaluating suitable local species, such as Napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum ), Desmodium signal Brachiaria brizantha is crucial for implementing management strategies Taiwan. Results In screening fifty germplasms, all demonstrated an antibiotic effect, reducing leaf consumption compared corn. Notably, thirty-five germplasms exhibited robust traits, decreasing increasing mortality rates. Three also attracted more female moths oviposition. Further evaluation selected efficacy larval weight survival duration. Additionally, D. uncinatum , showed promising toxicity against larvae. Conclusion Our findings support effectiveness pull plants, highlight a push

Language: Английский

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DesmodiumVolatiles in “Push-Pull” Agriculture and Protection Against the Fall Armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 24, 2024

Abstract Push-pull systems for sustainable pest management of crop plants employ repellent stimuli from intercrops (“push”) to repel herbivores and attract their predators parasitoids, attracting border (“pull”) lead herbivorous insects out the crop. The most widespread implementation, intercropping with legume Desmodium , reduces herbivory damage invasive fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda . However, three publications date investigating underlying mechanisms disagree whether intercrop emits bioactive volatiles that FAW. We aimed resolve this controversy by measuring volatile emission intortum (greenleaf ) D. incanum in push-pull fields, assaying effects on behavior FAW oviposition wind tunnel choice bioassays. detected many substances headspaces both species, which exhibited similar profiles, including previously reported lepidopteran herbivores. moths preferred oviposit maize over but not further versus closer were inaccessible moths, sharing air. In a bioassay, tended prefer combination conclusion, we found emit have been shown be bioactive, either species. Moreover, additional are likely important reducing under cultivation.

Language: Английский

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Fall armyworm females choose host plants that are detrimental to their offspring's performance but young larvae amend their mother's choices

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 173(1), P. 21 - 31

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Abstract Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has a long association with maize ( Zea mays L., Poaceae) and is among the crop's most significant pests worldwide. We contrasted preference for performance of FAW on three cultivars: Mexican landrace Tuxpeño, USA inbred B73 B73‐lox10; B73‐lox10 deficient in production jasmonic acid (JA), green leaf volatiles (GLVs) herbivore‐induced plant (HIPVs). Female oviposition neonate colonization preferences were assessed triple‐choice tests greenhouse settings. Performance was bases larval, pupal adult weights, larval development times, longevity. expected females to preferentially oviposit plants which their offspring performed best, neonates randomly colonize because they disperse aerially, presumably oriented solely by wind currents. Females preferred Tuxpeño plants, followed whereas best poorest Tuxpeño. In contrast, colonized B73‐lox10, though initially transiently poorly, Altogether, our results showed that offspring's (Tuxpeño), own (B73‐lox10), detrimental (Tuxpeño, B73). These suggested ovipositional choices mothers are uncoupled from performance, but newborn rectified mother's sub‐optimal host choice colonizing enhanced performance. Notably, these also aerially dispersing (ballooning) larvae do not randomly, (GLVs, HIPVs) JA may be relevant selection ballooning larvae.

Language: Английский

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Desmodium Volatiles in “Push-Pull” Agriculture and Protection Against the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Push-pull systems for sustainable pest management of crop plants employ repellent stimuli from intercrops (“push”) to repel herbivores and attract their predators parasitoids, attracting border (“pull”) lead herbivorous insects out the crop. The most widespread implementation, intercropping with legume Desmodium , reduces herbivory damage invasive fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda . However, three publications date investigating underlying mechanisms disagree whether intercrop emits bioactive volatiles that FAW. We aimed resolve this controversy by measuring volatile emission intortum (greenleaf ) D. incanum in push-pull fields, assaying effects on behavior FAW oviposition wind tunnel choice bioassays. detected many substances headspaces both species, which exhibited similar profiles, including previously reported lepidopteran herbivores. moths preferred oviposit maize over but not further versus closer were inaccessible moths, sharing air. In a bioassay, tended prefer combination conclusion, we found emit have been shown be bioactive, either species. Moreover, additional are likely important reducing under cultivation.

Language: Английский

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Feeding and Growth Response of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) towards Different Host Plants

Insects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 789 - 789

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

The fall armyworm,

Language: Английский

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Oviposition Preferences of the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Response to Various Potential Repellent and Attractant Plants

Insects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 885 - 885

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a major polyphagous pest that mainly feeds on maize and other cash crops. Understanding S. frugiperda’s behavior different host plants facilitates the development of effective integrated management (IPM) plans. Therefore, this study investigated oviposition preferences frugiperda females among using no-choice, two-choice, multiple-choice bioassays. In no-choice bioassays, para grass, Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) (Poales: Poaceae); maize, Zea mays (L.) napier Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach) Poaceae) were identified as highly attractive, while sweet sorghum, Sorghum dochna sunhemp, Crotalaria juncea (Fabales:Fabacea); Egyptian clover, Trifolium alexandrinum desmodium, Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) natal melinis repens (Zizka) molasses Melinis minutiflora (P.Beauv.) mung bean, Vigna radiata (R. wilczek) (Fabales: Fabaceae) exhibited reduced effects. Two-choice bioassays revealed levels attractiveness repellency plant combinations. mimicking an intercropping scenario, differences in number eggs egg mass observed for M:S:D:W (maize, cage wall), S:D:M:W (sunhemp, D:M:S:W (desmodium, wall). This provides insights into egg-laying plants, valuable frugiperda. encourages further research identification novel repellent attractant which will ultimately contribute to sustainable environmentally friendly crop production practices techniques.

Language: Английский

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