Published: Jan. 1, 2023
The impact of livestock-driven habitat degradation and land use change on wildlife is a global conservation concern, especially in forest ecosystems. Previous research has mainly focused flagship species or some selected species. However, how the presence livestock affects occurrences interspecific interactions communities remains largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted systematic camera trapping at 129 sites within central portion Giant Panda National Park China to assess relationships between 21 sympatric By using joint distribution model, fitted null model constrained investigate distinction spatial relationship (as raw associations) residual associations). comparison associations suggested that relying solely evaluate grazing impacts would be influenced by preferences. results revealed broad negative wild species, for medium herbivores medium-to-large omnivores which exhibit stronger with livestock. Overall, our study emphasized free-ranging exerts effects whole animal community. Thus, recommend policy management measures mitigate pressures wildlife.
Language: Английский